KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Liliopsida || ORDER:Zingiberales || FAMILY:姜科 Zingiberaceae || GENUS: 姜黄属 Curcuma

姜黄 Curcuma longa L.

植物志记载

《中国植物志》|| 姜科 ZINGIBERACEAE ||姜黄属 Curcuma L. ||姜黄 Curcuma longa L.

4．姜黄（中药志）郁金（唐本草）图版19
Curcuma longa L. , Sp. Pl. 1: 2, 1753. pro max. part; Bak. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 214. 1890; K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 20 (IV. 46): 108. 1904; B. L. Burtt in Not. R. B. G. Edinb. 35 (2): 212. 1977.——C. domestica Val. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 2 ser. 27: 31. 1918;Holttum in Gard. Bull. Singapore 13: 68. 1950, Back.et al. , Fl. Java 3; 12. 1968; 广东省植物研究所编, 海南植物志4: 94. 图1008. 1977.
株高1-1.5米，根茎很发达，成丛，分枝很多，椭圆形或圆柱状，橙黄色，极香；根粗 壮，末端膨大呈块根。叶每株5-7片，叶片长圆形或椭圆形，长30-45 (90) 厘米，宽15-18厘米，顶端短渐尖，基部渐狭，绿色，两面均无毛；叶柄长20-45厘米。花葶由叶鞘内抽出，总花梗长12-20厘米；穗状花序圆柱状，长12-18厘米，直径4-9厘米；苞片卵形或长圆形，长3-5厘米，淡绿色，顶端钝，上部无花的较狭，顶端尖，开展，白色，边缘染淡红晕；花萼长8-12毫米，白色，具不等的钝3齿，被微柔毛；花冠淡黄色，管长达3厘米，上部膨大，裂片三角形，长1-1.5厘米，后方的1片稍较大，具细尖头；侧生退化雄蕊比唇瓣短，与花丝及唇瓣的基部相连成管状；唇瓣倒卵形，长1.2-2厘米，淡黄色，中部深黄，花药无毛，药室基部具2角状的距；子房被微毛。花期：8月。
产我国台湾、福建、广东、广西、云南、西藏等省区；栽培，喜生于向阳的地方。东亚及东南亚广泛栽培。
本种和郁金的根茎均为中药材“姜黄”的商品来源，供药用，能行气破瘀，通经止痛。主治胸腹胀痛，肩臂痹痛，月经不调，闭经，跌打损伤。又可提取黄色食用染料；所含姜黄素可作分析化学试剂。
根茎含姜黄素 (Curcumin, C21H20O6) 约0.3％，挥发油约1-5％，油中主要成分为姜黄酮(Turmerone, C15H220)及二氢姜黄酮(Dihydroturmerone) 50％，姜烯(Zingiberene, C15H24) 20％、d-α-水芹烯1％、按油精1等。此外，尚含有淀粉30-40％，少量脂肪油。
近年来，国外还报道姜黄块茎的酒精提取液在0.5-5.0毫米／毫升浓度下以及自姜黄而得的姜黄素 (Curcumin)和挥发油在5-100微克／毫升浓度下对八叠球菌(Sacina)、高夫克氏菌(Gaff kya)、棒状杆菌(Corymebacterium)、梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridium) 以及许多葡萄球菌、链球菌和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)有抑制作用。姜黄的水提取液和石油醚提取液在200毫克／公斤（体重）剂量下对雌性大鼠有100％的抗生育活性。（详见Planta Medica 1974.）


数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库
经济植物
芳香油类
根含芳香油，主要用于食品香精中。
根状茎亦可提取黄色染料，用于纺织、食品工业（见“其他类”，2076页）。
[中国经济植物志314. 姜黄 ( jianghuang )]

其他类
由根状茎提出的黄色染料，对各种动物或植物性纤维、不同助剂或媒染剂，均可直接上染或只须少量的明矾、酸、酸性盐亦可。
另可供食品染色用。是一种很好的天然黄色食用色素。
[中国经济植物志8. 姜黄 ( jianghuang )]

植物利用数据
中文名 民族名 植物 民族 用途 来源
姜黄 阿兰脏吗 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 哈尼药 民族药用 《哈尼药》
姜黄 洋哇 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 藏药 民族药用 《藏标》
姜黄 永哇 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 藏药 民族药用 《中国藏药》
姜黄 永哇 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 藏药 民族药用 《藏本草》
姜黄 西日-嘎，永瓦 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 蒙药 民族药用 《蒙药》
姜黄 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 蒙药 民族药用 《蒙药》
姜黄 黄姜 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 畲药 民族药用 《畲医药》
姜黄 民楞 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 德昂药 民族药用 《德宏药录》
姜黄 Haqmo chang 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 景颇药 民族药用 《德宏药录》
姜黄 捏奢 姜黄 Curcuma longa L. （C. domestica Valet. ） 基诺药 民族药用 《基诺药》


研究论文
标题 作者 期刊 日期
Antifungal activities of the extracts from25 traditional Chinese medicines against 5 plant pathogenic fungi Niu Shanguang; Du Fengyu Plant Protection 2015
Chinese medicinal plants: an alternative approach for management of Verticillium wilt of cotton "Khaskheli, Muhammad I.; Sun, Jun L.; He, Shou P.; Pan, Zhao E.; Jia, Yin H.; Zhu, He Q.; Khaskheli, Allah J.; Du, Xiong M." PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEA 2016
"A Comprehensive Mini-Review of Curcumae Radix: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology" "Hu, Dongyi; Gao, Jiayu; Yang, Xiao; Liang, Ying" NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS MAY 2021
Preliminary research of insecticidal activities of fourteen chinese meterial medicines Ding Wei; Zhang Yongqiang; Chen Shijiang; Zhao Zhaimo; Zhu Yuzhen Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 2003
"Neuroprotective potency of some spice herbs, a literature review" "Khazdair, Mohammad Reza; Anaeigoudari, Akbar; Hashemzehi, Milad; Mohebbati, Reza" JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE APR 2019
Determination of toxic metals by ICP-MS in Asiatic and European medicinal plants and dietary supplements "Filipiak-Szok, Anna; Kurzawa, Marzanna; Szlyk, Edward" JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAY 2017
Synergistic effects of Artemisia iwayomogi and Curcuma longa radix on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in a mouse model "Han, Jong-Min; Lee, Jin-Seok; Kim, Hyeong-Geug; Seol, In-Chan; Im, Hwi-Jin; Cho, Jung-Hyo; Son, Chang-Gue" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JUL 2012
Herbal medicines for the prevention of alcoholic liver disease: A review "Ding, Ren-Bo; Tian, Ke; Huang, Li-Li; He, Cheng-Wei; Jiang, Yun; Wang, Yi-Tao; Wan, Jian-Bo" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JUN 1999
Protective effects of a traditional Chinese herbal formula Jiang-Xian HuGan on Concanavalin A-induced mouse hepatitis via NF-kappa B and Nrf2 signaling pathways "Tang, Huan-Huan; Li, Hai-Long; Li, Yue-Xuan; You, Yan; Guan, Yun-Yun; Zhang, Su-Lin; Liu, Li-Xin; Bao, Wei-Lian; Zhou, Yong; Shen, Xiao-Yan" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY MAY 10 2018
"Supplementation of a combination of herbs improves immunity, uterine cleansing and facilitate early resumption of ovarian cyclicity: A study on post-partum dairy buffaloes" "Japheth, Konii Puhle; Kumaresan, Arumugam; Patbandha, Tapas Kumar; Baithalu, Rubina Kumari; Selvan, Arumugam Sakthivel; Nag, Pradeep; Manimaran, Ayyasamy; Oberoi, Parminder Singh" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY MAY 23 2021
Screening of active fractions from Curcuma Longa Radix isolated by HPLC and GC-MS for promotion of blood circulation and relief of pain "Chen, Zhimin; Quan, Liang; Zhou, Haiting; Zhao, Yongfeng; Chen, Peng; Hu, Lin; Yang, Zhuo; Hu, Changjiang; Cao, Dong" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY APR 24 2019
"Herbal composition Gambigyeongsinhwan (4) from Curcuma longa, Alnus japonica, and Massa Medicata Fermentata inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and regulates obesity in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats" "Roh, Jong Sung; Lee, Hyunghee; Woo, Sangee; Yoon, Miso; Kim, Jeongjun; Park, Sun Dong; Shin, Soon Shik; Yoon, Michung" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AUG 2 2015
Curcumin metabolites contribute to the effect of curcumin on ameliorating insulin sensitivity in high-glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells "Li, Pan; Ding, Liqin; Cao, Shijie; Feng, Xinchi; Zhang, Qiang; Chen, Yuwei; Zhang, Nan; Qiu, Feng" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY SEP 15 2020
Ethnopharmacological and bioactivity guided investigation of five TCM anticancer herbs "Meng, Qiu-xia; Roubin, Rebecca H.; Hanrahan, Jane R." JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JUN 21 2013
HUANGKUISIWUFANG inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase to improve glomerular injury in anti-Thy1 nephritis model "Lu, Ting; Bian, Yong; Zhu, Yan; Guo, Mengjie; Yang, Ye; Guo, Jianming; Gu, Chunyan; Duan, Jin-ao" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY MAY 10 2020
A combination index and glycoproteomics-based approach revealed synergistic anticancer effects of curcuminoids of turmeric against prostate cancer PC3 cells "Wei, Meng-Meng; Zhao, Shu-Juan; Dong, Xue-Man; Wang, Yong-Jie; Fang, Can; Wu, Pu; Song, Gao-Qian; Gao, Jun-Na; Huang, Zhi-Hui; Xie, Tian; Zhou, Jian-Liang" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY MAR 1 2021
Curcumin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatocytes oxidative damage involving heme oxygenase-1 induction "Bao, Wei; Li, Ke; Rong, Shuang; Yao, Ping; Hao, Liping; Ying, Chenjiang; Zhang, Xiping; Nussler, Andreas; Liu, Liegang" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY MAR 24 2010
"Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, and Curcuma longa L. on Th1-and Th2-cytokine responses and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of septic patients" "Wu, Huang-Pin; Lin, Yin-Ku" JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY FEB 1994
"Ethnoveterinary medicines used for horses in Trinidad and in British Columbia, Canada" "Lans, Cheryl; Turner, Nancy; Brauer, Gerhard; Lourenco, Grant; Georges, Karla" JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2006
"Thai Herbal Formulas Used for Wound Treatment: A Study of Their Antibacterial Potency, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Effects" "Chusri, Sasitorn; Settharaksa, Sukanya; Chokpaisarn, Julalak; Limsuwan, Surasak; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang Piyawan" JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE JUL 2013
Contrastive analysis of chemical composition of essential oil from twelve Curcuma species distributed in China "Zhang, Lanyue; Yang, Zhiwen; Wei, Jingwen; Su, Ping; Chen, Dingkang; Pan, Wanyi; Zhou, Wei; Zhang, Kun; Zheng, Xi; Lin, Li; Tang, Jian; Du, Zhiyun" INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS MAR 28 2014
Effects of some Chinese medicinal plant extracts on five different fungi "Lee, Sheng-Hsien; Chang, Ku-Shang; Su, Min-Sheng; Huang, Yung-Sheng; Jang, Hung-Der" FOOD CONTROL DEC 2007
Principal phenolic phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of three Chinese medicinal plants "Jang, Hung-Der; Chang, Ku-Shang; Huang, Yung-Sheng; Hsu, Chuan-Liang; Lee, Sheng-Hsien; Su, Min-Sheng" FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007
Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants "Shedoeva, Aleksandra; Leavesley, David; Upton, Zee; Fan, Chen" EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE SEP 22 2019
Botanical Provenance of Historical Chinese Dye Plants "Han, Jing" ECONOMIC BOTANY SEP 2015
Effect of the Phytochemical Agents Against the SARS-CoV and Some of them Selected for Application to COVID-19: A Mini-Review "Idrees, Muhammad; Khan, Shamshad; Memon, Nazakat H.; Zhang, Zhiyong" CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021
The Role of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines and Bioactive Ingredients on Ion Channels: A Brief Review and Prospect "Huang, Yian; Ma, Shumei; Wang, Yan; Yan, Renjie; Wang, Sheng; Liu, Nan; Chen, Ben; Chen, Jia; Liu, Li" CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019
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