《中国植物志》|| 十字花科 CRUCIFERAE ||播娘蒿属 Descurainia Webb et Berth. ||播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl

1. 播娘蒿（救荒本草）
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl in Engl. et Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (2): 192. 1891; O. E. Schulz in Engl. Pflanzenr. 86 (4. 105): 309. 1924; 江苏南部种子植物手册318. 1959; Jafri, Fl. West. Pakist. 55: 281. 1973; 内蒙古植物志2: 356. 图版190, 图5-9. 1918. ——D. sophia (L.) Schur. Enum. pl. Trans. 54. 1866; N. Busch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 83. 1939; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 71. 图1871. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 377. 图322. 1974; 湖北植物志2: 49. 图748. 1979; 东北草本植物志4: 164. 图版96. 1980. ——Sisymbrium sophza L. Sp. Pl. 659. 1753; Hook. f. et T. Thoms. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 150. 1872; N. Busch, Fl. Sib. et Orient. Extr. 1: 148. 1913; 兰州植物通志291. 1962. ——D. sophia var. glabrata N. Busch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 83. 1939. Syn. nov.
一年生草本，高20-80厘米，有毛或无毛，毛为叉状毛，以下部茎生叶为多，向上渐少。茎直立，分枝多，常于下部成淡紫色。叶为3回羽状深裂，长2-12 (-15) 厘米，末端裂片条形或长圆形，裂片长 (2-) 3-5 (-10) 毫米，宽0.8-1.5 (-2) 毫米，下部叶具柄，上部叶无柄。花序伞房状，果期伸长；萼片直立，早落，长圆条形，背面有分叉细柔毛；花瓣黄色，长圆状倒卵形，长2-2.5毫米，或稍短于萼片，具爪；雄蕊6枚，比花瓣长三分之一。长角果圆筒状，长2.5-3厘米，宽约1毫米，无毛，稍内曲，与果梗不成1条直线，果瓣中脉明显；果梗长1-2厘米。种子每室1行，种子形小，多数，长圆形，长约1毫米，稍扁，淡红褐色，表面有细网纹。花期4-5月。
除华南外全国各地均产。生于山坡、田野及农田。亚洲、欧洲、非洲及北美洲均有分布。模式标本采自欧洲。
种子含油40％，油工业用，并可食用；种子亦可药用，有利尿消肿、祛痰定喘的效用。

《云南植物志》|| 十字花科 Cruciferae nom. conserv. ||播娘蒿属 Descurainia Webb et Berth. nom. conserv. ||播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur

1.播娘蒿（救荒本草）图版30，6—8
Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur (1866); Busch in Kom. (1939); "图鉴" (1972)*; 秦岭植物志 (1974)*; K. F. Beat (1977); 湖北植物志 (1979); 东北草本植物志 (1980); C. Y. Wu (1984), X. L. Yang (1988) .
SIsymbrium sophia L. (1753); Hook. f. et T. Anders. (1872); Forbes et Hemsl. (1886); Diels (1905); Busch (1913); 兰州植物通志 (1962); Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl in Engl. et Prantl (1891); O. E. Schulz in Engl. (1924); Kitam. (1955); 江苏南部种子植物手册 (1959); Jafri (1973); 内蒙古植物志 (1978); Hara (1979); Griers. (1984); K. C. Kuan (1985)*; 中国植物志 (1987).
一年生草本，高30—100厘米。茎直立，圆柱形，密被白色卷毛和叉状毛至近无毛，上部多分枝。茎生叶轮廓倒卵形，2—3回羽状全裂，末回裂片狭线形或线状长圆形，长3—5毫米，宽1—1.5毫米，两面密被灰白色卷毛或近无毛，下部叶有柄，上部叶无柄。花序总状，有花50—200朵；花淡黄色，直径约2毫米，花梗纤细，长6—8毫米，无毛；萼片直立，狭长圆形，先端钝，长约2毫米，外面有叉状细柔毛；花瓣匙形，短于萼片或与其近等长，花药长0.5毫米；子房有胚珠24—34，花柱短。长角果黄绿色，狭线形，长2—3厘米，宽约1毫米，斜上而稍内弯，先端略尖，隔膜透明，有2条明显的脉纹；种子1行，椭圆形或长圆形，长约1毫米，褐色，有极细网纹。花期5月，果期6—7月。
产东川、丽江、中甸，生林缘、路旁及草地上，海拔2500—3300米；除华南外各地也有。亦见于亚洲其它地区、欧洲、非洲北部以及北美。
全株入药，治翳子、痢疾、经血不调，又可利尿、消肿、止咳平喘；种子含油40％，工业用及食用。

《Flora of North America》|| Brassicaceae || Descurainia || Descurainia sophia

12. Descurainia sophia (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55(III,2): 192. 1891.

Flixweed, tansy mustard

Sisymbrium sophia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 659. 1753; Hesperis sophia (Linnaeus) Kuntze; S. parviflorum Lamarck; Sophia parviflora (Lamarck) Standley

Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. Stems erect, un-branched or branched distally, (1-)2-7(-10) dm. Basal leaves: petiole 0.1-2(-3) cm; blade 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire. Cauline leaves sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending, straight, (5-) 8-15(-20) mm. Flowers: sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8-2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2-3 × 0.4-0.6 mm; median filaments 2-3 mm; anthers 0.3-0.4 mm. Fruits divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12-)15-27(-30) × 0.5-0.8(-1) mm, (straight or curved upward); valves each with distinct midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; ovules 20-48 per ovary; style obsolete, 0.05-0.2 mm, glabrous. Seeds uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7-1.3 × 0.3-0.6 mm. 2n = 28.

Flowering Mar-Jul. Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, railroad embankments, hillsides, mountain slopes, canyon bottoms, stream banks, fields, lawns, pastures, deserts, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities; 0-3000 m; introduced; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Eurasia; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, South Africa, Australia.

Deviant chromosome counts (e.g., 2n = 12, 14, 20, 38; see R. C. Rollins 1993, N. H. Holmgren 2005b, S. I. Warwick and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2006) are most certainly erroneous, and the species appears to be exclusively tetraploid based on x = 7.

SELECTED REFERENCE Best, K. F. 1977. The biology of Canadian weeds. 22. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 57: 499-507.

《Flora of China》|| Brassicaceae || Descurainia ||播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia

1. Descurainia sophia (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2): 192. 1891.

播娘蒿 bo niang hao

Sisymbrium sophia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 659. 1753.

Herbs annual, (10-)20-70(-100) cm tall, eglandular, sparsely to densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, sometimes glabrous distally. Stems erect, simple basally, often branched above. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves 2- or 3-pinnatisect, ovate or oblong in outline, to 15 × 8 cm; petiole 0.1-2(-3) cm; leaf blade ultimate division linear or oblong, entire, acute to 10 × 2 mm. Upper cauline leaves sessile or shortly petiolate, smaller and often with narrower ultimate lobes, often glabrous. Fruiting pedicels (0.5-)0.8-1.5(-2) cm, slender, much narrower than fruit, straight, divaricate or ascending. Sepals yellowish, oblong-linear, 2-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm. Petals yellow, narrowly oblanceolate, 2-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm; claw 1.5-2 mm. Filaments 2-3 mm; anthers ca. 0.5 mm. Ovules 20-40 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, (1.2-)1.5-2.7(-3) cm × 0.5-0.8(-1) mm; valves glabrous, torulose, with a prominent midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; style obsolete or to 0.2 mm. Seeds reddish brown, oblong, 0.7-1 × 0.3-0.6 mm. Fl. and Fr. Apr-Jun. 2n = 28*.

Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, fields, pastures, deserts; near sea level to 4200 m. Throughout China except Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe; introduced elsewhere].

The seeds are sometimes used as a substitute for mustard. Preparations from the plant are taken internally to eradicate worms, and externally to treat indolent ulcers.