《中国植物志》|| 百合科 LILIACEAE ||葱组 Sect. Schoenoprasum G. Don ||葱 Allium fistulosum L.

76. 葱 图80
Allium fistulosum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 301. 1753.——A. wakegi Araki in Journ. Jap. Bot. 25: 206. 1950.
鳞茎单生，圆柱状，稀为基部膨大的卵状圆柱形，粗1-2厘米，有时可达4.5厘米；鳞茎外皮白色，稀淡红褐色，膜质至薄革质，不破裂。叶圆筒状，中空，向顶端渐狭，约与花葶等长，粗在0.5厘米以上。花葶圆柱状，中空，高30-50 (-100) 厘米，中部以下膨大，向顶端渐狭，约在1/3以下被叶鞘；总苞膜质，2裂；伞形花序球状，多花，较疏散；小花梗纤细，与花被片等长，或为其2-3倍长，基部无小苞片；花白色；花被片长6-8.5毫米，近卵形，先端渐尖，具反折的尖头，外轮的稍短；花丝为花被片长度的1.5-2倍，锥形，在基部合生并与花被片贴生；子房倒卵状，腹缝线基部具不明显的蜜穴；花柱细长，伸出花被外。花果期4-7月。
全国各地广泛栽培，国外也有栽培。
作蔬菜食用，鳞茎和种子亦入药。

《云南植物志》|| 石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae ||葱属 Allium L. ||葱 Allium fistulosum L.

20.葱（礼记，名医别录）
大葱（通称）
Allium fistulosum L. (1753); Bartsch. (1880); C. H. Wright (1903); 图鉴 (1976)*; 秦岭植物志 (1976); 海南植物志 (1977)*; 中国植物志 (1980)*; 西藏植物志 (1987); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
植株高50—80厘米；鳞茎单生，圆柱状、狭圆锥状，长5—8厘米，粗1—2厘米，有时粗达3厘米；外皮白色，膜质或薄革质，不破裂。叶圆筒状，中空，向顶端渐狭、封闭，长30—80—100厘米，粗0.5—1.5厘米。花葶圆筒状，中空，与叶等长，中部以下膨大，下部包藏于叶鞘中；总苞膜质，2裂；伞形花序球形，多花，稍松散；花梗绿色，近等长，长1.5—2厘米，基部无小苞片；花白色，花被片长卵形，长圆形，先端急尖，具尖头，长5—8.5毫米，外轮的稍短；花丝白色，长5.5—8.5毫米，外轮锥形，内轮的下部3/5扩大为肩状，宽达4毫米，均于基部合生并贴生于花被上；花药蓝绿色，卵形，外轮的小；子房倒卵状，基部具不明显的蜜穴，花柱细长，白色，长4—7毫米，伸出花被外。花果期5—8月。
各地栽培，国内外广泛栽培作蔬菜。通常认为原产西伯利亚。其实中国古代北方久已有之。
鳞茎和叶用作蔬菜和调味品，葱与白菜间种有杀菌之效。鳞茎含挥发性的大蒜辣素；入药内服有发汗、散寒气等作用，并能促进消化液分泌，预防消化道寄生虫发生；外用有抗菌消炎作用，可治鼻炎、急性皮肤化脓性炎症等。

《Flora of China》|| Liliaceae || Allium || Allium fistulosum

97. Allium fistulosum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 301. 1753.

葱 cong

Bulb solitary or clustered, cylindric, rarely ovoid-cylindric, 1--2(--4.5) cm in diam.; tunic white, rarely pale red-brown, membranous to thinly leathery, entire. Leaves subequaling scape, 0.5--1.5 cm wide. Scape 30--50(--100) cm, terete, fistulose, covered with leaf sheaths for ca. 1/3 its length. Spathe 2-valved, persistent. Umbel globose, many flowered. Pedicels subequal, slender, 1--3 × as long as perianth, ebracteolate. Perianth white; segments ovate, 6--8.5 × 2.5--3 mm, apex acuminate, with a reflexed point; inner ones slightly longer than outer. Filaments equal, 1.5--2 × as long as perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments. Ovary obovoid, with inconspicuous nectaries at base. Style exserted. Fl. and fr. Apr--Aug. 2 n = 16*.

Cultivated as a vegetable since ancient times [possibly native to W China, but no wild plants have been collected; widely cultivated elsewhere].

《Flora of North America》|| Liliaceae || Allium || Allium fistulosum

23. Allium fistulosum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 301. 1753.

Welsh onion, Japanese bunching onion

Bulbs 2–12+, borne on short rhizome, cylindric, 2–5 × 1–2.5 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, white to light brown, membranous, without reticulation; inner coats white, cells obscure, quadrate. Leaves persistent, 2–6, sheathing lower 1/4–1/3 of scape; blade terete, fistulose, 10–40 cm × 10–25 mm. Scape persistent, solitary, erect, fistulose, inflated in middle, tapering to umbel, (12–)15–70 cm × 8–25 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, compact, 50–100-flowered, globose to ovoid, bulbils unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 1–2, 1–3-veined, ovate, ± equal, apex acute. Flowers narrowly campanulate to urceolate, 6–9 mm; tepals erect, yellowish white, withering in fruit, margins entire, apex acute, outer lanceolate, inner narrowly ovate, unequal; stamens long-exserted; anthers white to yellow; pollen white; ovary crestless; style linear, equaling stamens; stigma capitate, obscurely 3-lobed; pedicel 10–30 mm. Seed coat shining; cells 4–6-angled, ± rectangular.

Flowering Jul--Aug. Disturbed areas; introduced; N.W.T.; Alaska; cultivated in Europe, Asia.

Allium fistulosum is cultivated in Europe and Asia. It is reported to have escaped in Alaska and is established near the north end of Great Slave Lake. The species is to be expected elsewhere in Canada and the northern United States.