《中国植物志》|| 毛茛科 RANUNCULACEAE ||白头翁亚属 Subgen. Pulsatilla ||白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel

2．白头翁（神农本草经）羊胡子花（陕西），老冠花、将军草、大碗花（江苏），老公花、 老姑子花（山东），毛姑朵花（东北）图版20：1-4
Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, Tent. Fl. Ussur. 5, t. 2, f. B. 1861; Kom. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 22: 271. 1903;江苏南部种子植物手册281, 图444. 1959;秦岭植物志1(2): 285. 1974; 东北草本植物志3: 162. 1975.——Anemone chinensis Bunge in Mem. Ac. Sc. Petersb. 2: 76. 1832.——A. pulsatilla. L. var. chinensis (Bunge) Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 51: 59. 1904.
植株高15-35厘米。根状茎粗0.8-1.5厘米。基生叶4-5,通常在开花时刚刚生出，有长柄；叶片宽卵形，长4.5-14厘米，宽6.5-16厘米，三全裂，中全裂片有柄或近无柄，宽卵形，三深裂，中深裂片楔状倒卵形，少有狭楔形或倒梯形，全缘或有齿，侧深裂片不等二浅裂，侧全裂片无柄或近无柄，不等三深裂，表面变无毛，背面有长柔毛；叶柄长7-15厘米，有密长柔毛。花葶1(-2），有柔毛；苞片3，基部合生成长3-10毫米的筒，三深裂，深裂片线形，不分裂或上部三浅裂，背面密被长柔毛；花梗长2.5-5.5厘米，结果时长达23厘米；花直立；萼片蓝紫色，长圆状卵形，长2.8-4.4厘米，宽0.9-2厘米，背面有密柔毛；雄蕊长约为萼片之半。聚合果直径9-12厘米；瘦果纺锤形，扁，长3.5-4毫米，有长柔毛，宿存花柱长3.5-6.5厘米，有向上斜展的长柔毛。4月至5月开花。
在我国分布于四川（宝兴，海拔3200米）、湖北北部、江苏、安徽、河南、甘肃南部、陕西、山西、山东、河北（海拔200-1900米）、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江。生平原和低山山坡草丛中、林边或干早多石的坡地。在朝鲜和苏联远东地区也有分布。
根状茎药用，治热毒血痢、温疟、鼻衄、痔疮出血等症（中药志）。根状茎水浸液可作土农药、能防治地老虎、蚜虫、蝇蛆、孑孓，以及小麦锈病、马铃薯晚疫病等病虫害（中国土农药志）。

《Flora of China》|| Ranunculaceae || Pulsatilla ||白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis

2. Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, Tent. Fl.-Ussur. 5. 1861. 1861.

白头翁 bai tou weng

Anemone chinensis Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 2. 1833.

Plants 15--35 cm tall. Rhizome ca. 0.8--1.5 cm in diam. Leaves 4 or 5, not fully expanded at anthesis; petiole 7--15 cm, densely long pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 4.5--14(--24) × 6.5--16(--25) cm, 3-foliolate, abaxially thickly pilose, adaxially glabrous, margin entire or toothed; lateral leaflets unequally 2-lobed, sessile or subsessile; central leaflet petiolulate or sessile, broadly ovate, 3-lobed, central lobe obovate. Scape 1(or 2), 2.5--5.5 cm, to 23 cm in fruit, puberulent; involucral bracts puberulent, basally connate into a 3--10 mm tube, apically palmately 3-lobed, each lobe linear, margin entire or slightly 3-lobed. Sepals violet, erect, oblong-ovate, 2.8--4.4 × 0.9--2 cm, abaxially puberulent. Stamens ca. 1/2 as long as sepals; anthers yellow. Infructescences 9--12 cm in diam. Achenes 3.5--4 mm, flattened, sparsely puberulent. Persistent styles 3.5--6.5 cm. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Jun--Jul.

Forest margins, slopes; 200--3200 m. Anhui, S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, W Sichuan [Korea, Russia (Far East)].

Pulsatilla chinensis var. kissii (Mandl) S. H. Li & Y. H. Huang (Fl. Pl. Herb. Chinae Bor.-Orient. 3: 162. 1975) has been proposed for plants growing on dry slopes in S Liaoning. The basionym Pulsatilla ´ kissii Mandl (Oesterr. Bot. Z. 71: 178. 1922) was originally described as a hybrid between P. chinensis and P. cernua which it seems quite likely to be.

Pulsatilla chinensis is used medicinally.