中文
Ethnobotany of China

KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Magnoliopsida || ORDER:Cucurbitales || FAMILY:葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae || GENUS: 苦瓜属 Momordica

苦瓜 Momordica charantia

Accepted name Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) WCVP · name match (author differs or missing)
Catalogue of Life China 苦瓜
Flora treatments

《中国植物志》|| 葫芦科 CUCURBITACEAE ||苦瓜属 Momordica Linn. ||苦瓜 Momordica charantia L.

1. 苦瓜(救荒本草)凉瓜(广州),癞葡萄(江苏)
Momordica charantia Linn., Sp. pl. ed. 1: 1009. 1753; Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 589. 1790; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 616. 1879; Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 436. 1881; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 315. 1887; Cogn. u. Harms in Engl., Pflanzenr. 38 (IV. 275. 2): 24. 1924; Chakr. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 88. 1959; Keraudren in Aubreville et Leroy, FIl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 42. 1975. 中国高等植物图鉴4: 359, 图6131. 1975.——Momordica indica Linn. in Stickm. Herb. Amb. 24. 1754. ——M. chinensis Spreng. in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ort. 18: 14, f. 4. 1893. ——M. sinensis Spreng. l. c. ——Sicyos fauriei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 10: 150. 1911. ——Cucumis argyi Levl. in Mem. Acad. Ci Art. Barcel. Ser. 3, 12: 548. 1916.
一年生攀援状柔弱草本,多分枝;茎、枝被柔毛。卷须纤细,长达20厘米,具微柔毛,不分歧。叶柄细,初时被白色柔毛,后变近无毛,长4-6厘米;叶片轮廓卵状肾形或近圆形,膜质,长、宽均为4-12厘米,上面绿色,背面淡绿色,脉上密被明显的微柔毛,其余毛较稀疏,5-7深裂,裂片卵状长圆形,边缘具粗齿或有不规则小裂片,先端多半钝圆形稀急尖,基部弯缺半圆形,叶脉掌状。雌雄同株。雄花:单生叶腋,花梗纤细,被微柔毛,长3-7厘米,中部或下部具1苞片;苞片绿色,肾形或圆形,全缘,稍有缘毛,两面被疏柔毛,长、宽均5-15毫米;花萼裂片卵状披针形,被白色柔毛,长4-6毫米,宽2-3毫米,急尖;花冠黄色,裂片倒卵形,先端钝,急尖或微凹,长1.5-2厘米,宽0.8-1.2厘米,被柔毛;雄蕊3,离生,药室2回折曲。雌花:单生,花梗被微柔毛,长10-12厘米,基部常具1苞片;子房纺锤形,密生瘤状突起,柱头3,膨大,2裂。果实纺锤形或圆柱形,多瘤皱,长10-20厘米,成熟后橙黄色,由顶端3瓣裂。种子多数,长圆形,具红色假种皮,两端各具3小齿,两面有刻纹,长1.5-2厘米,宽1-1.5厘米。花、果期5-10月。
广泛栽培于世界热带到温带地区。我国南北均普遍栽培。
本种果味甘苦,主作蔬菜,也可糖渍;成熟果肉和假种皮也可食用;根、藤及果实入药,有清热解毒的功效。


Source 中国植物物种信息数据库


Plant use records
Chinese name Vernacular name Plant Ethnic group Use Source
苦瓜 麻坏(西傣) 苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Dai medicine Ethnomedicinal 《滇药录》、《版纳傣药》、《傣药录》
苦瓜 介耸 苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Wa medicine Ethnomedicinal
苦瓜 苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Wa medicine Ethnomedicinal 《滇省志》
苦瓜 阿能歌尻 苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Jino medicine Ethnomedicinal
苦瓜 阿能歌尻 苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Jino medicine Ethnomedicinal 《基诺药》
苦瓜 苦瓜 苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. She medicine Ethnomedicinal
苦瓜 散鬼拱(sangl Gueel Gaemc) 苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Dong medicine Ethnomedicinal
苦瓜Kugua 苦瓜Kugua 苦瓜Kugua Momordica charantia L. Medicinal 中华本草
野苦瓜 野苦瓜 野苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Dai Ethnomedicinal 中华本草
野苦瓜 野苦瓜 野苦瓜 Momordica charantia L. Medicinal 中华本草


Historical formulas containing this species
Use in historical formulas by period (5 formulas in total)
Use in historical formulas by periodPre-Qin: 0Pre-QinHan: 0HanWei–Jin & N–S: 0Wei–Jin& N–SSui–Tang & Five Dynasties: 0Sui–Tang& Five DynastiesSong: 0SongJin–Yuan: 0Jin–YuanMing: 22MingQing: 33Qing




Wild economic plants of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (field survey)
Plant name Local name Family Life form Part used Folk use Voucher Locality Ethnic group Region

Research papers
Title Authors Journal Date
In Vitro Propagation and Approaches for Metabolites Production in Medicinal Plants Gupta, Sushim Kumar; Kuo, Chao-Lin; Chang, Hung-Chi; Chan, Hsiao-Sung; Chen, Emily Chin-Fun; Chueh, Fu-Shin; Tsay, Hsin-Sheng RECENT TRENDS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH 2012
Response of gut microbiota and inflammatory status to bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) in high fat diet induced obese rats Bai, Juan; Zhu, Ying; Dong, Ying JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY DEC 24 2016
Improvement on metabolic syndrome in high fat diet-induced obese mice through modulation of gut microbiota by sangguayin decoction Zheng, Junping; Zhang, Jing; Guo, Yanlei; Cui, Hairong; Lin, Aizhen; Hu, Baifei; Gao, Qinghua; Chen, Yunzhong; Liu, Hongtao JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JAN 10 2020
Sowing Date, Plant Density, Fruits per Plant and Harvest Time Influenced Yield and Quality of Hybrid Seed of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) Huang, Rukui; Fang, Fengxue; Zhuang, Fusheng; Kang, Hongwei; Huang, Yuhui; Lou, Hailing IV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CUCURBITS 2010
Allozyme, morphological and nutritional analysis bearing on the domestication of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) Marr, KL; Mei, XY; Bhattarai, NK ECONOMIC BOTANY FAL 2004
ETHNOBOTANY AND THE ECONOMIC-ROLE OF THE CUCURBITACEAE OF CHINA YANG, SL; WALTERS, TW ECONOMIC BOTANY OCT-DEC 1992
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of different wild bitter gourd cultivars (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Seringe) Lu, Yeh-Lin; Liu, Yuh-Hwa; Liang, Wen-Li; Chuang, Jong-Ho; Cheng, Kur-Ta; Liang, Hong-Jen; Hou, Wen-Chi BOTANICAL STUDIES OCT 2011
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