《中国植物志》|| 卫矛科 CELASTRACEAE ||卫矛系 Ser. Alati Blakel. ||卫矛 Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold

81．卫矛（本草经）鬼箭羽
Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. in Verh. Batav. Genoot. Kunst. Wetensch. 12: 49. 1830; et Pl. Oecon. Jap. 49. 1830; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 307. 1939; Blakel. in Kew Bull. 1951: 239. 1951; 崔友文, 华北经济植物志274. 1953;陈封怀等, 植物分类学报3 (2): 235. 1954;中国高等植物图鉴2: 677.图3083. 1972; 湖北植物志426.图1356. 1979. ——Celastrus alatus Thunb., Fl. Jap. 100. 1786. ——Euonymus thunbergianus Blume, Bijdr. 1147. 1826.——E. alatus Rupr in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Petersb. 15: 135. 1856. in obs.——E. alatus var. apterus Regel, Tent. Fl. Ussur. 40. 1861; 陈嵘, 中国树木学分类学, 修订版, 663. 1953; 江苏南部种子植物手册, 453.图737. 1959.
灌木，高1-3米；小枝常具2-4列宽阔木栓翅；冬芽圆形，长2毫米左右，芽鳞边缘具不整齐细坚齿。叶卵状椭圆形、窄长椭圆形，偶为倒卵形，长2-8厘米，宽1-3厘米，边缘具细锯齿，两面光滑无毛；叶柄长1-3毫米。聚伞花序1-3花；花序梗长约1厘米，小花梗长5毫米；花白绿色，直径约8毫米，4数；萼片半圆形；花瓣近圆形；雄蕊着生花盘边缘处，花丝极短，开花后稍增长，花药宽阔长方形，2室顶裂。蒴果1-4深裂，裂瓣椭圆状，长7-8毫米；种子椭圆状或阔椭圆状，长5-6毫米，种皮褐色或浅棕色，假种皮橙红色，全包种子。花期5-6月，果期7-10月。
除东北、新疆、青海、酉藏、广东及海南以外，全国名省区均产。生长于山坡、沟地边沿。分布达日本、朝鲜。模式标本采自日本。
带栓翅的枝条入中药，叫鬼箭羽。

《Flora of North America》|| Celastraceae || || Euonymus alatus

6. Euonymus alatus (Thunberg) Siebold, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 12: 49. 1830. (as Evonimus).
[F I]

Oriental spindle-tree Oriental spindle-tree

Celastrus alatus Thunberg in J. A. Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14, 237. 1784; Euonymus alatus var. apterus Loesener

Shrubs 1–4(–7) m. Stems erect; young branches 4-angled, becoming corky winged. Leaves deciduous; petiole 0.5–4 mm; blade narrowly elliptic, 2.5–6 × 0.5–2.5 cm, base attenuate or cuneate, margins denticulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, (1–)3(–7)-flowered. Flowers: sepals 4; petals 4, yellowish green or white, oblong, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm; stamens 4; ovary smooth. Capsules purple-brown, obovoid, 8–10 × 5–15 mm, deeply 2–4-lobed to base or only 1 lobe developing, lobes nearly distinct, surface smooth. Seeds ellipsoid, 7–8 × 4–5 mm; aril yellow or orange. 2n = 64.

Flowering spring–fall; fruiting summer–fall. Roadsides, old fields, thickets, woodlands; 0–400 m; introduced; Ont.; Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Utah, Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; e Asia.

The leaves of Euonymus alatus become bright red or reddish purple in fall, one of the reasons for its widespread use as an ornamental.

《Flora of China》|| Celastraceae || Euonymus ||卫矛 Euonymus alatus

30. Euonymus alatus (Thunberg) Siebold, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 12: 49. 1830.

卫矛 wei mao

Celastrus alatus Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 237. 1784; C. striatus Thunberg; Euonymus alatus var. ellipticus Chen H. Wang; E. alatus var. microphyllus Chen H. Wang; E. alatus var. pilosus Loesener & Rehder; E. alatus var. pubescens Maximowicz; E. ellipticus (Chen H. Wang) C. Y. Cheng; E. striatus (Thunberg) Loesener; E. verrucosus Scopoli var. tchefouensis Debeaux.

Deciduous shrubs, 1-4 m tall; young branches usually with 2 or 4 winglike corks, wings up to 5 mm wide, 1-2 mm thick, twigs 4-angled, green or brown when dry. Petiole sessile or very short, 2-4 mm; leaf blade thinly leathery to papery, obovate or obovate-elliptic, sometimes ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4.5-10 × 2-4 cm, base cuneate or attenuate, margin crenulate to serrulate, apex acute, acuminate, or even caudate; lateral veins 5-7 pairs, curving forward and disappearing before reaching margin. Peduncle slender and short, 1-2 cm, typically 1 dichotomous branch with 3 flowers, rarely 2 branches with more flowers; pedicel slender, 5-7 mm. Flowers 4-merous, ca. 9 mm in diam.; sepals suborbicular; petals green, light yellow, or greenish yellow, ovate, base attenuate. Capsule reddish brown when fresh, dark brown or gray when dry, 4-lobed, 1-1.3 cm in diam., only 1-3 lobes developing, lobes ovoid. Aril bright red. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jul-Nov.

Forests, woodlands, scrub; near sea level to 2700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, ?Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, ?Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Sakhalin); cultivated in Europe and North America].

This species is widespread, not only as a common shrub in the distribution area but also as a cultivated ornamental in the Old and New Worlds. The leaves change from pinkish to reddish and even purple in late autumn. The distribution reports from Guangxi and Yunnan have not been confirmed.