《中国植物志》|| 葫芦科 CUCURBITACEAE ||黄瓜属 Cucumis Linn. ||黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.

3. 黄瓜（本草拾遗）胡瓜（嘉祐本草）
Cucumis sativus Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 1012. 1753, et ed. 2: 1437. 1763; Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 591. 1790; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 620. 1879; Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 498. 1881; Cogn. u. Harms in Engl., Pflanzenr. 88 (IV. 275. 2): 143. 1924; Chakr. in Ind. Journ. Agric. Sc. 16（1): 53. 1946, et in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17（1): 145. 1959; Keraudren in Aubreville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 71. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 362, 图6138. 1975.
一年生蔓生或攀援草本；茎、枝伸长，有棱沟，被白色的糙硬毛。卷须细，不分歧，具白色柔毛。叶柄稍粗糙，有糙硬毛，长10-16 (-20) 厘米；叶片宽卵状心形，膜质，长、宽均7-20厘米，两面甚粗糙，被糙硬毛，3-5个角或浅裂，裂片三角形，有齿，有时边缘有缘毛，先端急尖或渐尖，基部弯缺半圆形，宽2-3厘米，深2-2.5厘米，有时基部向后靠合。雌雄同株。雄花：常数朵在叶腋簇生；花梗纤细，长0.5-1.5厘米，被微柔毛；花萼筒狭钟状或近圆筒状，长8-10毫米，密被白色的长柔毛，花萼裂片钻形，开展，与花萼筒近等长；花冠黄白色，长约2厘米，花冠裂片长圆状披针形，急尖；雄蕊3，花丝近无，花药长3-4毫米，药隔伸出，长约1毫米。雌花：单生或稀簇生；花梗粗壮，被柔毛，长1-2厘米；子房纺锤形，粗糙，有小刺状突起。果实长圆形或圆柱形，长10-30 (-50) 厘米，熟时黄绿色，表面粗糙，有具刺尖的瘤状突起，极稀近于平滑。种子小，狭卵形，白色，无边缘，两端近急尖，长约5-10毫米。花果期夏季。
我国各地普遍栽培，且许多地区均有温室或塑料大棚栽培；现广泛种植于温带和热带地区。
果为我国各地夏季主要菜蔬之一。茎藤药用，能消炎、祛痰、镇痉。

《云南植物志》|| 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae nom. conserv. ||黄瓜属 Cucumis Linn. ||黄瓜 (原变种) Cucumis sativus var. sativus

2a.黄瓜（原变种）图版88，1—2
胡瓜（嘉祐本草），王瓜（滇南本草），刺瓜（植物名实图考）
var. sativus
一年生蔓生或攀援草本。茎、枝具纵棱，被白色短刚毛。单叶互生，叶片膜质，阔卵状心形或三角状阔卵形，长、宽均约5—15厘米，掌状3—5浅裂或具3—5个角，裂片三角形，先端急尖或渐尖，基部心形，弯缺半圆形，宽2—3厘米，深2—2.5厘米，边缘具齿，有时具缘毛，两面密被短刚毛，具5—7条掌状脉；叶柄长10—16（—20）厘米，被糙硬毛；卷须单1，不分歧，被白色柔毛。花单性同株；雄花：数朵簇生于叶腋内，花梗纤细，长5—15毫米，密被白色长柔毛；花萼筒狭钟状或近圆筒形，长8—10毫米，密被白色柔毛，5裂，裂片钻形，与萼筒几等长；花冠淡黄色，裂片长圆形或长圆状披针形，长约2厘米，先端急尖；雄蕊3，花丝几无，花药长3—4毫米，药隔长约1毫米，伸出；雌花：单生，稀簇生；花被同雄花；子房纺锤形或倒卵形，具刺状突起。果实肉质，长圆形或圆柱形，长10—30（—50）厘米，成熟时黄绿色，表面常具带刺尖的瘤状突起；种子多数，长圆形，长5—10毫米，白色，两端近急尖，平滑。花果期夏季。
云南各地普遍栽培；我国南北均普遍栽培，北方许多地区在温室或塑料大棚有栽培。世界温带和热带地区广泛栽培。
果实为蔬菜、瓜果之一，亦可渍制酱菜；茎、叶和果实入药，果实（黄瓜）有清热利尿的功效；茎、叶有消炎、祛痰、镇痉的功效。

《云南植物志》|| 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae nom. conserv. ||黄瓜属 Cucumis Linn. ||黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.

2.黄瓜（本草拾遗）
Cucumis sativus L. (1753) et (1763); Lour. (1790); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. (1879); Cogn. in DC. (1881); Gagnep. in Lecte. (1921); Cogn. u. Harms in Engl. (1924); Merr. (1927), (1935); Hand. -Mazz. (1936); Chakr. (1959); 海南植物志 (1964); Keraudren in Aubrév. et Leroy (1975); "图鉴" (1975)*; Hara et Sutton in Hara et al. (1979); 吴征镒 (1984); 秦岭植物志 (1985)*; 路安民、张志耘 (1986)*.
一年生蔓生或攀援草本。茎、枝具纵棱，被白色短刚毛。单叶互生，叶片膜质，阔卵状心形或三角状阔卵形，长、宽均约5—15厘米，掌状3—5浅裂或具3—5个角，裂片三角形，先端急尖或渐尖，基部心形，弯缺半圆形，宽2—3厘米，深2—2.5厘米，边缘具齿，有时具缘毛，两面密被短刚毛，具5—7条掌状脉；叶柄长10—16（—20）厘米，被糙硬毛；卷须单1，不分歧，被白色柔毛。花单性同株；雄花：数朵簇生于叶腋内，花梗纤细，长5—15毫米，密被白色长柔毛；花萼筒狭钟状或近圆筒形，长8—10毫米，密被白色柔毛，5裂，裂片钻形，与萼筒几等长；花冠淡黄色，裂片长圆形或长圆状披针形，长约2厘米，先端急尖；雄蕊3，花丝几无，花药长3—4毫米，药隔长约1毫米，伸出；雌花：单生，稀簇生；花被同雄花；子房纺锤形或倒卵形，具刺状突起。果实肉质，长圆形或圆柱形，长10—30（—50）厘米，成熟时黄绿色，表面常具带刺尖的瘤状突起；种子多数，长圆形，长5—10毫米，白色，两端近急尖，平滑。花果期夏季。
云南各地普遍栽培；我国南北均普遍栽培，北方许多地区在温室或塑料大棚有栽培。世界温带和热带地区广泛栽培。
果实为蔬菜、瓜果之一，亦可渍制酱菜；茎、叶和果实入药，果实（黄瓜）有清热利尿的功效；茎、叶有消炎、祛痰、镇痉的功效。

《Flora of China》|| Cucurbitaceae || Cucumis ||黄瓜 Cucumis sativus

2. Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1012. 1753.

黄瓜 huang gua

Plants scandent or creeping. Stem and branches angular, white hispid. Tendrils slender, simple. Petiole 10-16(-20) cm; leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate, 7-20 × 7-20 cm, membranous, margin 3-5-angular or -lobed; lobes triangular, dentate, apex acute or acuminate; sinus half-orbicular. Plants monoecious. Male flowers fasciculate; pedicel filiform, 5-15 mm, puberulent; calyx tube narrowly campanulate, 8-10 mm, densely white pubescent; segments subulate; corolla yellow-white, ca. 2 cm; segments oblong-lanceolate, acute; anthers 3-4 mm; connective ca. 1 mm. Female flowers solitary or fascicled; pedicels pubescent, 1-2 cm; ovary fusiform, muricate. Fruit yellow-green, oblong or cylindric, (5-)10-30(-50) cm, muricate, usually verrucose. Seeds white, small, narrowly ovate, 5-10 mm, emarginate, both ends acute. Fl. and fr. summer.

Forests, thickets, mountain slopes; 700-2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan; also commonly cultivated in China [NE India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand; cultivated in all tropical and temperate countries].

《Flora of North America》|| Cucurbitaceae || Cucumis || Cucumis sativus

1. Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1012. 1753.
[I]

Garden cucumber Garden cucumber

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora): introduced; Asia; introduced also nearly worldwide.

Records of cucumber cultivation appear in France in the ninth century, in England in the fourteenth century, and in North America by the mid sixteenth century.

Variety hardwickii (Royle) Gabaev (= C. hardwickii Royle) occurs in the northwestern Himalayas, the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats, and the central plateau region of India. J. H. Kirkbride (1993) and C. Jeffrey (1980c, 2001) observed that it can be identified in its usual form but that morphological intergradation argues against its recognition as a distinct evolutionary entity with formal taxonomic status. W. J. J. O. de Wilde and B. E. E. Duyfjes (2010) agreed that C. hardwickii is not sharply demarcated from feral forms of C. sativus and they reduced its rank to forma within C. sativus. On the other hand, Cucumis hardwickii is isozymically distinct from C. sativus. L. D. Knerr and J. E. Staub (1991) found that it possesses alleles not present in the remainder of their samples of C. sativus. V. Meglic et al. (1996) found it to be isozymically distinct from 750 C. sativus samples. Without consistent morphological differentiation between Cucumis hardwickii and the highly variable domesticated and feral forms of C. sativus in the narrow sense, but with an apparent molecular distinction, their recognition at varietal rank seems appropriate. Rank of forma (as interpreted here) would imply that C. hardwickii is a populational variant.