中文
Ethnobotany of China

KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Magnoliopsida || ORDER:Sapindales || FAMILY:无患子科 Sapindaceae || GENUS: 龙眼属 Dimocarpus

龙眼(变种) Dimocarpus longan

Accepted name Dimocarpus longan Lour. (Sapindaceae) WCVP · name match (author differs or missing)
Catalogue of Life China 龙眼 (differs from the Chinese name in this database)
Flora treatments

《中国植物志》|| 无患子科 SAPINDACEAE ||龙眼属 Dimocarpus Lour. ||龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour.

1. 龙眼(神农本草经)圆眼、桂圆、羊眼果树 图版9
Dimocarpus longan Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 233. 1790; Leenh. in Blumea 19: 125. 1971, p. p. quoad subsp. longan var. longan var. longan; 云南植物志1: 266 图版 63(1-2). 1977.——Eurphoria longan (Lour.) Steud. Nomencl. 328. 1821; How et Ho in Acta Phtotax. Sinica 3: 389. 1955; 中国高等植物鉴 2: 719, 图3168. 1972; 海南植物志 3: 83. 1974.——-Euphoria longana Lam. Encycl. 3: 574. 1791; Radlk. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98 (IV. 165): 898. 1932; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 683. 图 574. 1937.——Nephelium longgana Camb. in Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 18: 30. 1829; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. add. ser. 10: 66. 1912.
常绿乔木,高通常10余米,间有高达40米、胸径达1米、具板根的大乔木;小枝粗壮, 被微柔毛,散生苍白色皮孔。叶连柄长15-30厘米或更长;小叶4-5对,很少3或6对,薄革质,长圆状椭圆形至长圆状披针形,两侧常不对称,长6-15厘米,宽2.5-5厘米,顶端短尖,有时稍钝头,基部极不对称,上侧阔楔形至截平,几与叶轴平行,下侧窄楔尖,腹面深绿色,有光泽,背面粉绿色,两面无毛;侧脉12-15对,仅在背面凸起;小叶柄长通常不超过5毫米。花序大型,多分枝,顶生和近枝顶腋生,密被星状毛;花梗短;萼片近革质,三角状卵形,长约2.5毫米,两面均被褐黄色绒毛和成束的星状毛;花瓣乳白色,披针形,与萼片近等长,仅外面被微柔毛;花丝被短硬毛。果近球形,直径1.2-2.5厘米,通常黄褐色或有时灰黄色,外面稍粗糙,或少有微凸的小瘤体;种子茶褐色,光亮,全部被肉质的假种皮包裹。花期春夏间,果期夏季。
我国西南部至东南部栽培很广,以福建最盛,广东次之;云南及广东、广西南部亦见野生或半野生于疏林中。亚洲南部和东南部也常有栽培。
龙眼是我国南部和东南部著名果树之一,常与荔枝相提并论。古代文献如《神农本草经》(西汉?)和《南方草木状》(晋,嵇含)都有关于龙眼的记述,可见它的栽培历史已很悠久了。
龙眼的栽培品种不如荔枝的多,目前比较受好评的有广东的石峡龙眼,福建的普明庵、乌龙岭和油潭本等,后两个品种不但品质好,而且生长力强,适于山地栽培。
经济用途以作果品为主,因其假种皮富含维生素和磷质,有益脾、健脑的作用,故亦入药;种子含淀粉,经适当处理后,可酿酒;木材坚实,甚重,暗红褐色,耐水湿,是造船、家具、细工等的优良材。
变种钝叶龙眼 D. longan Lour. var. obtusus (Pierre) Leenh. 与龙眼的区别只是小叶顶端钝圆或微缺。模式标本 Pierre 4115 采自越南西贡附近的土龙木(栽培植物),我国云南也偶然见到(元江,邱炳云56260)。


Source 中国植物物种信息数据库


Plant use records
Chinese name Vernacular name Plant Ethnic group Use Source
龙眼肉 鲁尼敦-吉木斯 龙眼肉 Dimocarpus longan (Lour) Steud. Mongolian medicine Ethnomedicinal 《蒙药》
龙眼肉 Man zhum myoq zhishi 龙眼肉 Dimocarpus longan (Lour) Steud. Jingpo medicine Ethnomedicinal 《德宏药录》
龙眼肉 姜肿疟 龙眼肉 Dimocarpus longan (Lour) Steud. Achang medicine Ethnomedicinal 《德宏药录》
龙眼肉 别朗 龙眼肉 Dimocarpus longan (Lour) Steud. De'ang medicine Ethnomedicinal 《德宏药录》
龙眼 等铃他 龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Lisu medicine Ethnomedicinal
龙眼 等铃他 龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Lisu medicine Ethnomedicinal
龙眼 等铃他 龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Lisu medicine Ethnomedicinal
龙眼 等铃他 龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Lisu medicine Ethnomedicinal
龙眼 等铃他 龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Lisu medicine Ethnomedicinal 《怒江药》
龙眼 龙燕胆,羊晕良 龙眼 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Yao medicine Ethnomedicinal 《桂药编》


Historical formulas containing this species
Use in historical formulas by period (144 formulas in total)
Use in historical formulas by periodPre-Qin: 0Pre-QinHan: 0HanWei–Jin & N–S: 0Wei–Jin& N–SSui–Tang & Five Dynasties: 0Sui–Tang& Five DynastiesSong: 66SongJin–Yuan: 0Jin–YuanMing: 4141MingQing: 9797Qing




Wild economic plants of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (field survey)
Plant name Local name Family Life form Part used Folk use Voucher Locality Ethnic group Region

Research papers
Title Authors Journal Date
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Aril ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD mice induced by combination of D-gal/AlCl3 and an irregular diet via RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway Li, Hongyan; Lei, Tianrong; Zhang, Jianghua; Yan, Yuhui; Wang, Nan; Song, Cheng; Li, Chang; Sun, Mingyu; Li, Jinyu; Guo, Yuxin; Yang, Jingxian; Kang, Tingguo JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021-Oct-05
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in macrophages by suppressing NF-kappa B and AP-1 signaling pathways Kunworarath, Nongluk; Rangkadilok, Nuchanart; Suriyo, Tawit; Thiantanawat, Apinya; Satayavivad, Jutamaad JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
Acute and chronic oral toxicity assessment of longan sugar extracts derived from whole fruit and from fruit pulp in rats Chiranthanut, Natthakarn; Teekachunhatean, Supanimit; Panthong, Ampai; Lertprasertsuke, Nirush JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY DEC 5 2020
Environment, Griffith University, Queensland Brisbane, Qld 4111) Seasonal dynamics and impact factors of soil soluble organic nitrogen in different subtropical fruit plantations Zhou Biqing; Chen Chengrong; Zhang Liming; Yang Wenhao; Mao Yanling; Xing Shihe Journal of Agro-Environment Science 2016
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