《中国植物志》|| 蔷薇科 ROSACEAE ||金樱子组 Sect. Laevigatae Thory ||金樱子 Rosa laevigata Michx.

78.金樱子（嘉祜本草）刺梨子（开宝本草），山石榴、山鸡头子（本草纲目），和尚头 （四川），唐樱竻（广东），油饼果子（安徽）
Rosa laevigata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 295. 1803; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23:250. 1887: Willmott, Gen. Ros. 1: 117. t. 1911; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 318. 1915; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7:526. 1933;广州植物志296. 1956;江苏南部种子植物手册259. 1959; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 297. 1963; Vidal in Fl. Camb. Laos et Vietn. 6:146. 1968: 中国高等植物图鉴2: 253.图2236. 1972; Liu et Su in Fl. Taiwan 3:297. 1977; Hara in Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 143. 1979. ——R. ternata Poir. Encvcl. Method. 6: 284. 1804.——R. nivea DC. Cat. Hort. Monspel. 137. 1813.——R. triphylla Roxb. ex Lindl. Ros. Monogr. 138. 1820. nom. subnud.——R. cucumerina Tratt. Ros. Monogr. 2: 181. 1823. ——R. amygdalifolia Ser. in DC. Prodr. 2: 601. 1825. ——R. argyi Levl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 55: 56. 1908: Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 18: 257, 1937. in obs. ——R. laevigata var. kaiscianensis Pampanini in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. 17: 294. 1910. ——R. sinica auct. non L. 1789: Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2848. 1828.
常绿攀援灌木，高可达5米；小枝粗壮，散生扁弯皮刺，无毛，幼时被腺毛，老时逐渐脱落减少。小叶革质，通常3，稀5，连叶柄长5-10厘米；小叶片椭圆状卵形、倒卵形或披针状卵形，长2-6厘米，宽1.2-3.5厘米，先端急尖或圆钝，稀尾状渐尖，边缘有锐锯齿，上面亮绿色，无毛，下面黄绿色，幼时沿中肋有腺毛，老时逐渐脱落无毛；小叶柄和叶轴有皮刺和腺毛；托叶离生或基部与叶柄合生，披针形，边缘有细齿，齿尖有腺体，早落。花单生于叶腋，直径5-7厘米；花梗长1.8-2.5厘米，偶有3厘米者，花梗和萼筒密被腺毛，随果实成长变为针刺；萼片卵状披针形，先端呈叶状，边缘羽状浅裂或全缘，常有刺毛和腺毛， 内面密被柔毛，比花瓣稍短；花瓣白色，宽倒卵形，先端微凹；雄蕊多数；心皮多数，花柱离生，有毛，比雄蕊短很多。果梨形、倒卵形，稀近球形，紫褐色，外面密被刺毛，果梗长约3厘米，萼片宿存。花期4-6月，果期7-11月。
产陕西、安徽、江西、江苏、浙江、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、台湾、福建、四川、云南、贵州等省区。喜生于向阳的山野、田边、溪畔灌木丛中，海拔200-1600米。
根皮含鞣质可制栲胶，果实可熬糖及酿酒。根、叶、果均入药，根有活血散瘀、祛风除 湿、解毒收敛及杀虫等功效；叶外用治疮疖、烧烫伤；果能止腹泻并对流感病毒有抑制作 用。

《云南植物志》|| 蔷薇科 Rosaceae ||蔷薇属 Rosa L. ||金樱子 Rosa laevigata Mich.

1.金樱子（嘉裕本草）
刺梨子（开宝本草），山石榴、山鸡头子（本草纲目）
Rosa laevigata Mich. (1803); Hemsl. (1887); Willmott (1911); Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. (1915); Hand.-Mazz. (1933); 广州植物志 (1956); Li (1963); Vidal (1968); 图鉴 (1972)*; Liu et Su (1977); Hara (1979); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 中国植物志 (1985)*; Flora of China (2003).
Rosa ternate Poir. (1804); R. nivea DC. (1813); R. cucumerina Trantt. (1823); R. amygdalifolia Ser. (1825); R. argyi H. Levl. (1908); R. laevigata var. kaiscianensis Pamp. (1910); R. sinica auct. non L. (1789); Hook. (1828)*.
常绿攀缘灌木，高3-5米。小枝粗壮，散生扁弯皮刺，无毛，幼时被腺毛，老时逐渐脱落。小叶通常3，稀5枚，连叶柄长5-10厘米；小叶片革质，椭圆状卵形，倒卵形或披针状卵形，长2-6厘米，宽1.2-3.5厘米，先端急尖或钝圆，稀尾状，边缘具锐尖锯齿，上面亮绿色，无毛；下面黄绿色，幼时沿中肋具腺毛，老时渐落；小叶柄和叶轴具皮刺和腺毛；托叶离生或基部与叶柄合生，披针形，边缘具细齿，齿尖有腺体，早落。花单生于叶腋，直径5-8厘米；花梗长1.8-2.5厘米，偶有3厘米者，花梗和萼筒密被腺毛，随果实成长而为针刺；萼片卵状披针形，先端呈叶状，边缘羽状浅裂或全缘，常具刺毛和腺毛，内面密被柔毛，比花瓣稍短；花瓣白色，宽倒卵形，先端微凹；雄蕊多数；心皮多数，花柱离生，有毛，比雄蕊短很多。果梨形、倒卵形，稀近球形，紫褐色，外面密被刺毛，果梗长约3厘米，萼片宿存。花期4-6月，果期7-11月。
产富宁；生于海拔200-1400米的向阳的山坡、田边、溪畔灌木丛中。我国长江流域及其以南均有分布。
果实可熬糖及酿酒。根、叶、果入药；根能活血散瘀、祛风除湿、解毒收敛及杀虫；叶外用治疮、烧烫伤。

《Flora of North America》|| Rosaceae || Rosa || Rosa laevigata

7. Rosa laevigata Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 295. 1803.

Cherokee rose

Rosa cherokeensis Donn ex Small

Stems: distal branches dark brown to purplish red; infrastipular prickles paired, internodal prickles paired or single, reddish brown, rarely deltate or erect, 6–9 × 6–11 mm. Leaves: stipules 4–6 × 1–2 mm, auricles 5–7(–10) mm, surfaces glabrous; petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets, glabrous, eglandular; leaflets: terminal larger than laterals, base cuneate, margins 1-serrate, teeth 20–30 per side, tipped with dark glands, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surfaces usually with pricklets on midveins. Pedicels densely setose; bracts attached near base, lanceolate, 5 × 2–3 mm, margins not ciliate, surfaces glabrous, eglandular. Flowers 1(or 2); hypanthium 5–9 × 4–6 mm, densely setose, setae 2–3 mm, some gland-tipped; sepal tip 5–10 × 2 mm; petals 25–35 × 25–30 mm; styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond hypanthium orifice. Hips leathery, base elongate, 7–12 mm, neck 1–2 × 6–9 mm. Achenes 20–30, light tan, 6–8 × 3–4 mm. 2n = 14.

Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Jun. Swamp edges, pastures, fence and hedge rows, abandoned fields, roadsides, pine barrens, disturbed areas; 0–500 m; introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.C., S.C., Tex.; Asia; introduced also in West Indies, s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Madeira), Pacific Islands (Hawaii).

By the nineteenth century, Rosa laevigata was widely found in the southern United States as a hedging shrub, being commonly distributed by stem cuttings and rhizomes, representing relatively few clones (C. A. Walker 1996; Walker and D. J. Werner 1997). The species was named and described from plants collected in Georgia in the 1790s by A. Michaux, who was unaware that his newly discovered species was native to Asia. This suggests a very old introduction into the United States, where it occurs only in the southeast to eastern Texas and the Carolinas. Shrubs form dense, rhizomatous thickets with stems capable of climbing to 100 dm. Leaves are persistent and leathery with mostly three leaflets and stipules free for most of their lengths, then caducous. Inflorescences consist of one (rarely two) white-petaled flowers and have densely setose hypanthia and hips.

In China, where the species is considered one of the most beautiful and cherished of roses, Rosa laevigata has a long history of use by herbal practitioners to treat bronchitis, dysentery, and urogenital disorders, and to restore hair color (J. A. Duke and E. S. Ayensu 1985, vol. 2).