《中国植物志》|| 百合科 LILIACEAE ||萱草属 Hemerocallis L. ||萱草 Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.

5. 萱草 忘萱草（东北植物检索表）图版13: 4-5
Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 462 1762; S. Y. Hu in Aner. Hort. Mag. 47: 97. 1968; 江苏植物所, 江苏植物志上册374, 图671. 1977. ——H. lilio-asphodelus L. β. fulvus L., l. c., ed. 1, 324. 1753. ——H. fulva (L.) L. var. maculato Baroni in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2, 4: 306. 1897.
萱草在我国有悠久的栽培历史，早在二千多年前的《诗经•魏风》中就有记载。后来的许多植物学著作中，如《救荒本草》、《花镜》、《本草纲目》等多有记述。别名有鹿葱、川草花、忘郁、丹棘等。《花镜》中还首记载了重瓣首草，并指出它的花有毒，不可食用。由于长期的栽培，萱草的类型极多，如叶的宽窄、质地，花的色泽，花被管的长短，花被裂片的宽窄等变异很大，不易划分，加上各地常有栽培后逸为野生的，分布区也难于判断。李时珍早就注意到，在不同土质上栽培的萱草，花的质地，色泽的深浅和花期的长短是有变化的。这是正确的。如果只根据少数栽培植株的某些差异来进行分类，则不甚可靠。林奈在发表本种时，曾说是杂种，后来又说来自中国。他所根据的植物可能是欧洲广泛栽培的一个品种(在欧洲虽然有野生萱草，但是从未见关于果实的记载），但究竟是否自我国引去，已无从查考。我们认为，在长期而又广泛栽培的情况下，要考虑到种以下多半系品种这个可能性，因而不宜轻率地定为种或变种。
本种的主要特征是：根近肉质，中下部有纺锤状膨大；叶一般较宽；花早上开晚上凋谢，无香味，桔红色至桔黄色，内花被裂片下部一般有∧形采斑。这些特征可以区别于本国产的其他种类。花果期为5-7月。
花桔黄色；花被管较粗短，长2-3厘米；内花被裂片宽2-3厘米。全国各地常见栽秦岭以南各省区有野生的。
根据花被管的长短和花的色泽等特征，本种还被详细地划分为许多变种、变型和品种。这里不作详细介绍。但最常见的是：
萱草
H. fulva (L. ) L.
花桔黄色；花被管较粗短，长2-3厘米；内花被裂片宽2-3厘米。全国各地常见栽秦岭以南各省区有野生的。

《云南植物志》|| 百合科 Liliaceae, nom. fam. conserv. ||萱草属 Hemerocallis L. ||萱草 Hemerocallis fulva (l.) L.

2.萱草
鹿葱（群芳谱），条参（临沧），提心吊胆、镇心丹、栽秧花（曲靖）
Hemerocallis fulva (l.) L. (1762); Curtis's (1788)*; Hook. f. (1892); C. H. Wright (1903); Hand.-Mazz. (1936); S. Y. Hu (1968); "图鉴" (1976)*; 秦岭植物志 (1976)*; 江苏植物志 (1977)*; Hara (1978); 中国植物志 (1980); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); S. C. Chen in西藏植物志 (1987); Liang in横断山区维管植物 (1994); H. Koba et al. (1994).
H. lilio-asphodelus L. β fulva L. (1753); H. fulva var. maculata Baroni (1897); C. H. Wright (1903).
多年生草本，高60—100厘米，根状茎短，外被多层黄褐色叶鞘纤维；根近肉质，多数，长5—20厘米，末端纺锤状膨大成肉质块根。叶多数，基生，二列，宽线形，嫩绿色，长30—60厘米，宽1—2.5厘米（栽培的长达160厘米，宽达4厘米），花葶高60—100厘米，花6—12朵或更多，排成蝎尾状聚伞花序复组成圆锥状；苞片卵状披针形；花桔红色，无香味；花梗短；花被长7—12厘米，下部花被管长2—3厘米；裂片长圆形，上部开展并反卷，外轮宽1.2—2厘米，内轮宽达3厘米，具分枝的脉，内轮花被片中部以下具Λ形的红褐色色带；雄蕊伸出，上弯，短于花被片；花柱伸出，上弯，比雄蕊长。蒴果长圆形，具横的皱纹。花期5—7月。
产腾冲、凤庆、勐海、双江、西畴等地，生于海拔1000—1900米的林缘、冲积堆上，常有栽培；秦岭以南各省区均有。自南欧分布至北亚而达日本。广泛栽培。
块根入药。

《云南植物志》|| 百合科 Liliaceae, nom. fam. conserv. ||萱草属 Hemerocallis L. ||萱草 (原变种) Hemerocallis fulva (l.) L. var. fulva

2a.萱草（原变种）
var. fulva
多年生草本，高60—100厘米，根状茎短，外被多层黄褐色叶鞘纤维；根近肉质，多数，长5—20厘米，末端纺锤状膨大成肉质块根。叶多数，基生，二列，宽线形，嫩绿色，长30—60厘米，宽1—2.5厘米（栽培的长达160厘米，宽达4厘米），花葶高60—100厘米，花6—12朵或更多，排成蝎尾状聚伞花序复组成圆锥状；苞片卵状披针形；花桔红色，无香味；花梗短；花被长7—12厘米，下部花被管长2—3厘米；裂片长圆形，上部开展并反卷，外轮宽1.2—2厘米，内轮宽达3厘米，具分枝的脉，内轮花被片中部以下具Λ形的红褐色色带；雄蕊伸出，上弯，短于花被片；花柱伸出，上弯，比雄蕊长。蒴果长圆形，具横的皱纹。花期5—7月。
产腾冲、凤庆、勐海、双江、西畴等地，生于海拔1000—1900米的林缘、冲积堆上，常有栽培；秦岭以南各省区均有。自南欧分布至北亚而达日本。广泛栽培。
块根入药。

《Flora of China》|| Liliaceae || Hemerocallis ||萱草 Hemerocallis fulva

5. Hemerocallis fulva (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 462. 1762.

萱草 xuan cao

Plants 40--150 cm tall, usually deciduous in winter. Roots fleshy, with globose-ellipsoid, swollen, tuberous part near tip; stolons sometimes to 30 cm. Leaves linear, 50--90 × 1--2.8 cm, apex acute. Scape erect, hollow; sterile bracts present. Helicoidal cymes double, 2--5(--10)-flowered; bracts scalelike or lanceolate. Pedicel ca. 5 mm. Flowers unscented, strictly day opening, opening in morning and closing in evening of same day. Perianth single, occasionally double (stamens petaloid), orange to reddish orange; tube 2--4 cm; segments spreading, with a purple or reddish orange patch, 5--12 × 1--3 cm, margin sometimes crinkly-undulate, inner segments wider than outer ones. Filaments 4--5 cm; anthers purplish black, 7--8 mm. Capsule ellipsoid, 2--2.5 × 1.2--1.5 cm. Fl. Jun--Nov. 2 n = 22, 33.

Forests, thickets, grasslands, streamsides; 300--2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Russia].

Four varieties may be recognized in China. The status of Hemerocallis fulva var. oppositibracteata H. Kong & Ching J. Wang (Guihaia 16: 303. 1996), described from Gansu, is uncertain. It supposedly differs in having narrower leaves 5--8 mm wide, subopposite sterile bracts, narrower perianth segments (outer ones 0.6--1 cm wide), and obovoid capsules.

《Flora of North America》|| Liliaceae || Hemerocallis || Hemerocallis fulva

1. Hemerocallis fulva (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 462. 1762.

Orange daylily, tawny daylily, hémérocalle fauve, lis d’un jour

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus Linnaeus var. fulvus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 324. 1753

Plants 7–15 dm; main roots fleshy. Leaf blade yellowish green, 7–10 dm × (1–)2.5–3 cm. Scape branched, 10–20-flowered, taller than foliage. Flowers diurnal, not fragrant; perianth tube, widely funnelform, 2–3 cm; tepals yellow basally with darker tawny orange zones and stripes, veins reticulate; outer tepals 7–8 × 1.8–2.2 cm, margins smooth; inner tepals 7.5–8.5 cm × 3–3.5 cm, margins wavy; filaments 4.5–6.5 cm; anthers 5–7 mm; ovary 8–10 mm; style white to pale orange, 9–10 cm; pedicel 3–6 mm. Capsules not or rarely developing. Seeds rarely produced. 2n = 33.

Flowering late spring--early summer. Roadsides, waste places, homesteads, open forests, stream banks; 0--1000 m; introduced; N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; e Asia (China, Japan); naturalized Eurasia; expected elsewhere.

Following an earlier European introduction from Asia, Hemerocallis fulva was brought to North America in the seventeenth century. This commonly cultivated daylily, the wild type, is distinguished as cultivar ‘Europa’ Stout and is a self-sterile triploid producing no seed. Essentially, it is a large, complex clone. Plants persist from cultivation or have arisen from root or rhizome fragments, which are capable of plant regeneration. Cultivar ‘Kwanso’ Regel, another ancient garden selection, persists in many areas along with the wild type and has fully doubled flowers. In eastern Asia, both diploids and triploids occur in the H. fulva complex and have been the basis for extensive breeding and tetraploid cultivar selection (A. B. Stout 1934).