《中国植物志》|| 石竹科 CARYOPHYLLACEAE ||繸瓣组 Sect. Fimbriatum Williams ||瞿麦 Dianthus superbus L.

14. 瞿麦（本草经）
Dianthus superbus L. , Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 146. 1755 et Amoen. Acad. 4: 272. 1759; Ser. in DC. Prodr. 1: 365. 1824; Turcz., Fl. Baic. -Dahur. 1: 197. 1842; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9: 52 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) 486. 1859; Rohrb. in Linnaea 36: 636. 1870; Hance in Journ. Bot. 21: 296. 1883; Franch. , Pl. David. 1: 46. 1884; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 64. 1886, excl. syn. ; Maxim., Enum. Pl. Mongol. 83. 1889; Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29: 411. 1893; Kom. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 22 (Fl. Mansh. 2): 207. 1903; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Europ. 3: 342. taf. 103. fig. 2. 1912; Fiori, Icon. Fl. Ital. 151. fig. 1225. 1921; Limpr. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 364. 1922; C. P'ei in Coritr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 8 (2): 98. 1932; Rehd. et Kobuski in Journ.Arn. Arb. 14 (1): 10. 1933; Schischk. in Kom. Fl. USSR 6: 856. tab. 54. fig. 4. 1936; Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl. 376. 1949; 江苏南部种子植物手册267.图420. 1959; 北京植物志 上册 249.图192. 1962; Tutin in Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 1: 198. 1964;中国高等植物图鉴1: 644.图1287. 1972; 秦岭植物志1(2): 217.图185. 1974; 东北草本植物志3: 44.图版17.图1-4.1975; 中国高等植物图鉴补编1: 334. 1982; Грубов, Опред. Сос. Раст. Монг. 105. 1982. ——D. szechuensis Williams in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 428. 1899, syn. nov.
多年生草本，高50-60厘米，有时更高。茎丛生，直立，绿色，无毛，上部分枝。叶片线状披针形，长5-10厘米，宽3-5毫米，顶端锐尖，中脉特显，基部合生成鞘状，绿色，有时带粉绿色。花1或2朵生枝端，有时顶下腋生；苞片2-3对，倒卵形，长6-10毫米，约为花萼1/4，宽4-5毫米，顶端长尖；花萼圆筒形，长2.5-3厘米，直径3-6毫米，常染紫红色晕，萼齿披针形，长4-5毫米；花瓣长4-5厘米，爪长1.5-3厘米，包于萼筒内，瓣片宽倒卵形，边缘繸裂至中部或中部以上，通常淡红色或带紫色，稀白色，喉部具丝毛状鳞片；雄蕊和花柱微外露。蒴果圆筒形，与宿存萼等长或微长，顶端4裂；种子扁卵圆形，长约2毫米，黑色，有光泽。花期6-9月，果期8-10月。
产东北、华北、西北及山东、江苏、浙江、江西、河南、湖北、四川、贵州、新疆。生于海拔400-3 700米丘陵山地疏林下、林缘、草甸、沟谷溪边。北欧、中欧、西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古（西部和北部）、朝鲜、日本也有。模式标本采自北欧拉普兰。
全草入药，有清热、利尿、破血通经功效。也可作农药，能杀虫。

《Flora of China》|| Caryophyllaceae || Dianthus ||瞿麦 Dianthus superbus

14. Dianthus superbus Linnaeus, Fl. Suec., ed. 2. 146. 1755.

瞿麦 qu mai

Herbs perennial, green to glaucous, to 60 cm tall or more. Stems caespitose, erect, distally branched, glabrous, large jointed. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5--10 cm × 3--5 mm, sometimes glabrescent, midvein prominent, base connate into a sheath, apex sharply pointed. Flowers 1 or 2, terminal, sometimes axillary; bracts 4 or 6, elliptic to broadly ovate or obovate, 6--10 × 4--5 mm, ca. 1/4 as long as calyx, apex subulate or long acuminate. Calyx usually reddish purple, cylindric, 2.5--3 cm × 3--7 mm; teeth lanceolate, 4--5 mm. Petals 4--5 cm; claw 1.5--3 cm, surrounded by calyx tube; limb broadly obovate, 2--3 cm, fimbriate for at least 1/2 its length, throat bearded. Stamens and styles slightly exserted. Capsule cylindric, equaling or slightly longer than calyx, 4-toothed. Seeds black, glossy, compressed ovoid, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Aug--Oct.

Wooded hills, forest openings and margins, grassy hillsides, meadows, mountain valley streams, river banks; 400--3700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, N and W Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia); Europe].