中文
Ethnobotany of China

KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Magnoliopsida || ORDER:Caryophyllales || FAMILY:苋科 Amaranthaceae || GENUS: 牛膝属 Achyranthes

牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume

Accepted name Achyranthes bidentata Blume (Amaranthaceae) WCVP · exact match
Catalogue of Life China 牛膝
Flora treatments

《中国植物志》|| 苋科 AMARANTHACEAE ||牛膝属 Achyranthes L. ||牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume

2.牛膝 图版50: 1-5
Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Bijdr. 545. 1825; Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 (2): 312. 1849; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1779. 1852; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 730. 1885;中国北部植物图志4. 25. pl. 11. 1935; Gagn. in Lecte. Fl. Gener. Indo-Chine 4: 1072. 1936; Vassi. in Fl. URSS 6: 367. Pl. 18. f. 13 a-e. 1936;中国药用植物志1: f. 12. 1939; Baecker in Van Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4: 88. 1949;江苏南部种子植物手册249. f. 391. 1959; 中药志1: 82.彩图6. 1959;北京植物志, 上册, 234. f. 179. 1962;海南植物志1: 408. f. 218. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 608. f. 1216. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 179. f. 152. 1974.
多年生草本,高70-120厘米;根圆柱形,直径5-10毫米,土黄色;茎有棱角或四方形,绿色或带紫色,有白色贴生或开展柔毛,或近无毛,分枝对生。叶片椭圆形或椭圆披针形,少数倒披针形,长4.5-12厘米,宽2-7.5厘米,顶端尾尖,尖长5-10毫米,基部楔形或宽楔形,两面有贴生或开展柔毛;叶柄长5-30毫米,有柔毛。穗状花序顶生及腋生,长3-5厘米,花期后反折;总花梗长1-2厘米,有白色柔毛;花多数,密生,长5毫米;苞片宽卵形,长2-3毫米,顶端长渐尖;小苞片刺状,长2.5-3毫米,顶端弯曲,基部两侧各有1卵形膜质小裂片,长约1毫米; 花被片披针形,长3-5毫米,光亮,顶端急尖,有1中脉;雄蕊长2-2.5毫米;退化雄蕊顶端平圆,稍有缺刻状细锯齿。胞果矩圆形,长2-2.5毫米,黄褐色,光滑。种子矩圆形,长1毫米,黄褐色。花期7-9月,果期9-10月。
除东北外全国广布。生于山坡林下,海拔200-1750米。朝鲜、苏联、印度、越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、非洲均有分布。
根入药,生用,活血通经;治产后腹痛,月经不调,闭经,鼻衄,虚火牙痛,脚气水肿;熟用,补肝肾,强腰膝;治腰膝酸痛,肝肾亏虚,跌打瘀痛。兽医用作治牛软脚症,跌伤断骨等。
小叶牛膝Achyranthes ogatai Yamamoto, Suppl. Icon. Formos. 3: 23. f. 9. 1927, 和牛膝相近,但叶较小,披针形,少数卵形,长3-5.5厘米,宽1.5-2厘米。模式标本产台湾台北乌来山,绪方正资于1924年12月采。牛膝叶片的形状、大小变化很大,本种可视为牛膝的异名。著者未见标本,暂记于此,以待进一步研究。


Source 中国植物物种信息数据库

Economic plants
Medicinal plants
根入药,为利尿、强精、通经药;治脚气、关节炎,使腰脚筋强健;对打扑刀伤,淋疾,腹痛等有缓和疼痛之效。
根可治牛软脚症,跌伤断骨,斑疹转软脚症,牛不吃草而反刍,并可治牛马胎衣不下及偻麻斯质症。
全株又可作土农药(见“土农药类”,2025页)。
[中国经济植物志53. 牛膝 ( qingxiang )]

Botanical pesticides
牛膝全植株均可杀虫及防治植病。常用的几种配制方法和防治对象如下:
1.将牛膝根叶捣烂取汁,可治棉蚜虫,猿叶虫和螟虫。
2.牛膝1公斤,加水10公斤,其浸出液,对小麦秆锈病菌夏孢子发芽抑制效果为70~80%。20倍水浸液对马铃薯晚疫病菌孢子发芽有显著抑制作用。
[中国经济植物志5. 牛膝 ( niuxi )]


Plant use records
Chinese name Vernacular name Plant Ethnic group Use Source
牛膝 Nijvoq no-zo 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Jingpo medicine Ethnomedicinal 《德宏药录》
牛膝 罗危科西头 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Achang medicine Ethnomedicinal 《德宏药录》
牛膝 牛牛女 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Bai medicine Ethnomedicinal 《滇药录》
牛膝 坏累,怪俄囡(西傣) 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Dai medicine Ethnomedicinal 《滇省志》
牛膝 魄何刀,拍脱 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Zhuang medicine Ethnomedicinal 《桂药编》
牛膝 索路曲孜 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Tibetan medicine Ethnomedicinal 《藏本草》
牛膝 乌赫日温一西勒比,奥勒莫斯 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Mongolian medicine Ethnomedicinal 《蒙药》
牛膝 勒补,阿列色色,叶莫古子 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Yi medicine Ethnomedicinal 《彝植药》
牛膝 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Yi medicine Ethnomedicinal 《滇省志》
牛膝 牛膝 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Bl. Medicinal 中国药典2020


Historical formulas containing this species
Use in historical formulas by period (27 formulas in total)
Use in historical formulas by periodPre-Qin: 0Pre-QinHan: 0HanWei–Jin & N–S: 0Wei–Jin& N–SSui–Tang & Five Dynasties: 22Sui–Tang& Five DynastiesSong: 55SongJin–Yuan: 0Jin–YuanMing: 88MingQing: 1212Qing




Wild economic plants of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (field survey)
Plant name Local name Family Life form Part used Folk use Voucher Locality Ethnic group Region
Achyranthes bidentata Blume zur-lug-chu-rtse Amaranthaceae Herb Root KUN-ETM-1953,5908 Mêdog Tibetan Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon

Research papers
Title Authors Journal Date
NEW ENDOPHYTIC ASCOMYCETE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACHYRANTHES BIDENTATA BLUME (AMARANTHACEAE) Sun, Bing-Da; Chen, Amanda-Juan; Gao, Wei-Wei; Zhou, Yu-Guang; Ghazanfar, M. Usman; Wakil, Waqas PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY FEB 2013
Evaluation of oral toxicity and genotoxicity of Achyranthis Radix extract Hyun, Soo-Wang; Lee, Tae Gu; Song, Su Jeong; Kim, Chan-Sik JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JUN 28 2021
Deciphering the metabolic profile and pharmacological mechanisms of Achyranthes bidentata blume saponins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with network pharmacology-based investigation Fu, Jun; Wu, Huan; Wu, Hong; Deng, Ran; Sun, Minghui JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JUN 28 2021
Integrated metallomic and metabolomic profiling of plasma and tissues provides deep insights into the protective effect of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata Blume extract in ovariectomia rats Tao, Yi; Huang, Surun; Yan, Jizhong; Li, Weidong; Cai, Baochang JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY APR 24 2019
Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax notoginseng (A&P) compound relieved cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through inhibiting the mincle maintained macrophage inflammation Diao Hui; Tan Rui-Zhi; Li Jian-Chun; Zhong Xia; Wen Dan; Fan Jun-Ming; Wang Li JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY APR 24 2020
Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of a novel fructan from Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a famous medicinal plant in China Wang, Changsheng; Hua, Dehong; Yan, Chunyan INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS AUG 2015
One Family and Three Genera Newly Recorded of Herbaceous Plants in Northeast China Wang Meng; Zhang Shumei; Li Dingnan Chinese Wild Plant Resources 2019
Screening of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen expression inducers from Chinese medicinal herbs and plants. Zeng, Y; Zhong, J M; Ye, S Q; Ni, Z Y; Miao, X Q; Mo, Y K; Li, Z L Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES 1994-Mar
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