《中国植物志》|| 蔷薇科 ROSACEAE ||杏属 Armeniaca Mill. ||山杏 Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam.

2．山杏（东北木本植物图志）西伯利亚杏（中国树木分类学），西伯日-归勒斯（蒙语）
Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 1: 3. 1783: DC. Prodr. 532. 1825; Kost. in Kom. Fl. URSS 10:590. pl. 38. f. 4. 1941: 东北木本植物图志317. 图版 110. 图232. 1955; 俞德浚, 中国果树分类学47. 图15. 1979. ——Prunus sibirica L. Sp. Pl. 474. 1753; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1:636. f. 349c. 350g-h. 1906;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学466. 1937;中国高等植物图鉴2: 306. 图2342. 1972;内蒙古植物志3: 125. 图版65. 图1-5. 1977. ——Prunus armeniaca L. var. sibirica (L.) K. Koch, Dendr. 1: 88. 1869: Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 29: 86. 1883.
灌木或小乔木，高2-5米；树皮暗灰色；小枝无毛，稀幼时疏生短柔毛，灰褐色或淡红褐色。叶片卵形或近圆形，长（3）5-10厘米，宽（2.5）4-7厘米，先端长渐尖至尾尖，基部圆形至近心形，叶边有细钝锯齿，两面无毛，稀下面脉腋间具短柔毛；叶柄长2-3.5厘米，无毛，有或无小腺体。花单生，直径1.5-2厘米，先于叶开放；花梗长1-2毫米；花萼紫红色；萼筒钟形，基部微被短柔毛或无毛；萼片长圆状椭圆形，先端尖，花后反折；花瓣近圆形或倒卵形，白色或粉红色；雄蕊几与花瓣近等长；子房被短柔毛。果实扁球形，直径1.5-2.5厘米，黄色或桔红色，有时具红晕，被短柔毛；果肉较薄而干燥，成熟时开裂，味酸涩不可食，成熟时沿腹缝线开裂；核扁球形，易与果肉分离，两侧扁，顶端圆形，基部一侧偏斜，不对称，表面较平滑，腹面宽而锐利；种仁味苦。花期3-4月，果期6-7月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、甘肃、河北、山西等地。生于干燥向阳山坡上、丘陵草原或与落叶乔灌木混生，海拔700-2000米。蒙古东部和东南部、苏联远东和西伯利亚也有。
本种耐寒（可达一50°C 低温），又抗旱，可作砧木，是选育耐寒杏品种的优良原始材料。种仁供药用，可作扁桃的代用品，并可榨油。我国东北和华北地区大量生产种仁，供内销和出口。

《Flora of China》|| Rosaceae || Armeniaca ||山杏 Armeniaca

3. Armeniaca sibirica (Linnaeus) Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 3. 1783.

山杏 shan xing

Shrubs or trees, 2–5 m tall. Bark dark gray. Branches spreading; branchlets grayish brown to reddish brown, sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Winter buds reddish brown, ovoid to conical, 2–4 mm; scale margins pubescent. Petiole 2–3.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent when young, with or without small nectaries; leaf blade ovate to suborbicular, (3–)5–10 × (2.5–)4–7 cm, both surfaces glabrous, pubescent, or abaxially pubescent in vein axils, base rounded to subcordate, margin obtusely minutely serrate, apex long acuminate to caudate. Flowers solitary, opening before leaves, 1.5–3.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Hypanthium purplish red outside, campanulate, outside basally glabrous or slightly pubescent. Sepals oblong-elliptic, recurved at anthesis, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Petals white with pink veins or pinkish, suborbicular to obovate. Stamens nearly as long as petals. Ovary pubescent. Drupe yellow to orangish red, sometimes tinged red, compressed globose, 1.5–2.5 cm and as broad, pubescent, glaucous or not; mesocarp 2.5–3 mm thick, dry and compact, bitter, inedible, readily separating from endocarp and splitting along ventral suture at maturity; endocarp laterally compressed globose, 1.2–2.2 cm and nearly as broad, central rib of ventral suture acute and winged, dorsal rib more obtuse, surface more smooth, base asymmetric, apex obtuse. Seed ± bitter. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jun–Jul.

Forests, thickets, mountainous areas, hill grasslands, slopes, river valleys, dry sunny slopes; 400--2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].