《中国植物志》|| 伞形科 UMBELLIFERAE ||柴胡属 Bupleurum L. ||红柴胡 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.

25. 红柴胡（各地）香柴胡（东北）、软柴胡（我国北部）、狭叶柴胡、软苗柴胡、南柴胡 （中药志）。图版145
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 300. 1809; DC. Prodr. 4: 132. 1830; Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Misc. 17: 721. 1844; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sc. Petersb. 9: 125. 1889; Komarov, Fl. Mansch. 3 (1): 139. 1905; Nakai in Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 26 (1): 256. 1909, et in Journ. Jap. Bot. 13: 484. 1937; Kiatagawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 98. 1944; Lincz. in Fl. URSS. 16: 320 1950; 刘慎谔等, 东北药用植物志139. 1959; 中国医学科学院, 中药志1: 368. 1959; 刘滇谔等, 东北植物检索表252. 1959; 肖培根等, 东北植物药图志145. 1959; 单人骅、李颖, 植物分类学报, 12 (3): 281. 1974. ——B. falcatum, β. scorzoneraefolium Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 267. 1844; Regel Tent. Fl. Ussur. 69 1861; Hance in Journ. Bot. 21: 321. 1883; Franch. Fl. David. 1: 137. 1844; Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 11. 3: 953. 1903; Liu in Bull. Pek. Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 135. 1928. ——B. falcatum subsp. eufalcatum Wolff var. scorzonerifolium (Willd.) Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. 45 (IV. 228): 132. 1910; Printz. Veg. Sibir. -Mongol. Front. 332. 1921; Wolff in Act. Hort. Gothob. 2: 303. 1926. ——B. falcatum subsp. scorzonerifolium (Willd.) K. -Pol. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 30: 219. 1914, et in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 29: 58. 1915. ——B. falcatum var. scorzonerifolium (Willd.) Ledeb. f. angustissimum (Franch.) 裴鉴, 单人骅等, 江苏南部种子植物手册550. 1959, non Wolff.
多年生草本，高30-60厘米。主根发达，圆锥形，支根稀少，深红棕色，表面略皱缩，上端有横环纹，下部有纵纹，质疏松而脆。茎单一或2-3，基部密覆叶柄残余纤维，细圆，有细纵槽纹，茎上部有多回分枝，略呈之字形弯曲，并成圆锥状。叶细线形，基生叶下部略收缩成叶柄，其他均无柄，叶长6-16厘米，宽2-7毫米，顶端长渐尖，基部稍变窄抱茎，质厚，稍硬挺，常对折或内卷，3-5脉，向叶背凸出，两脉间有隐约平行的细脉，叶缘白色，骨质，上部叶小，同形。伞形花序自叶腋间抽出，花序多，直径1.2-4厘米，形成较疏松的圆锥花序；伞辐 (3) 4-6 (8)，长1-2厘米，很细，弧形弯曲；总苞片1-3，极细小，针形，长1-5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，1-3脉，有时紧贴伞辐，常早落；小伞形花序直径4-6毫米，小总苞片5，紧贴小伞，线状披针形，长2.5-4毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，细而尖锐，等于或略超过花时小伞形花序；小伞形花序有花 (6) 9-11 (15)，花柄长1-1.5毫米；花瓣黄色，舌片几与花瓣的对半等长，顶端2浅裂；花柱基厚垫状，宽于子房，深黄色，柱头向两侧弯曲；子房主棱明显，表面常有白霜。果广椭圆形，长2.5毫米，宽2毫米，深褐色，棱浅褐色，粗钝凸出，油管每棱槽中5-6，合生面4-6。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
红柴胡广布于我国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山东、山西、陕西、江苏、安徽、广西及内蒙古、甘肃诸省区。生于干燥的草原及向阳山坡上，灌木林边缘，海拔160-2250米。分布于苏联西伯利亚东部及西部、蒙古、朝鲜至日本。
本种与锥叶柴胡 B.bicaule Helm 极近似，主要特征为主根发达，挺直，红棕色，根颈不分枝，故不为丛生状。茎基常覆盖着叶柄残余的维管束。茎较高，通常单一，或2-3枝，上部多回分枝，略呈之字形弯曲，叶窄线形上下两端等窄，质较硬挺。花序多而小，总苞极细小。果深褐色，每棱槽内油管5-6，合生面4-6。
本种及2个变型的根均入药，称红柴胡，《图经本草》所载柴胡的一种日：“生丹州，结 青子，与他处者不类。根赤色，似前胡而强，芦头有赤毛，如鼠尾，独窠长者好”，可能即指陕西所产的红柴胡，丹州即今陕北宜川县。

《Flora of China》|| Apiaceae || Bupleurum ||红柴胡 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium

27. Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Suppl. 30. 1814 [“scorzoneraefolium”].

红柴胡 hong chai hu

Bupleurum falcatum Linnaeus subsp. scorzonerifolium (Willdenow) Koso-Poljansky; B. falcatum var. scorzonerifolium (Willdenow) Ledebour; B. sinensium Gandoger.

Plants 30–60 cm, perennial. Taproot stout, dark reddish-brown, branched. Stems 1–3, flexuose, greatly dichotomously branched, base clothed with fibrous remnant sheaths. Basal leaves linear, 6–16 × 0.2–0.7 cm, thick-papery, rigid, nerves 3–5, prominent abaxially, margin white cartilaginous, base slightly narrowed and clasping. Upper leaves small. Umbels numerous, 1.2–4 cm across; bracts 1–3, subulate, 0.5–4 × 0.2–0.6 mm, unequal, deciduous; rays (3–)4–6(–8), 1–2 cm, very slender, spreading; bracteoles 5, lanceolate, 2.5–4 × 0.5–1 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding umbellules; umbellules 2–5 mm across, (6–)9–11(–15)-flowered; pedicels 0.2–1 mm. Petals yellow. Stylopodium low-conic, dark yellow. Fruit ellipsoid, dark brown, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm; ribs pale, prominent; vittae 5–6 in each furrow, 4–6 on commissure. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. n = 6*.

Shrub forest margins, sunny mountain slopes, dry grasslands; 100–2300 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

This Bupleurum is one of two primary species the roots of which are used for the major traditional Chinese medicine “chai hu” (see also B. chinense).

Two forms are endemic in China: f. longiradiatum R. H. Shan & Yin Li (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 282. 1974), distinguished by having rays longer, 11–35 mm, and bracts larger, 4–7 mm (Hebei, Liaoning, Qinghai); and f. pauciflorum R. H. Shan & Yin Li (loc. cit.), distinguished by having rays usually fewer, 2–3(–5), and shorter, 3–12 mm, and umbellules only 4–6(–8)-flowered (Jiangsu, n = 6*).