《中国植物志》|| 荨麻科 URTICACEAE ||荨麻系 Ser. Dioicae C. T. Chen ||高原荨麻 Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd.

6.高原荨麻（西藏植物名录）图版1：10-12
Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 68. 1856, et in DC. Prodr. 16 (1): 45. 1869; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 548. 1888; Hemsl. in Kew Bull. 1896: 214. (Fl. Tibet). 1896; Hemsl. et Pearson in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 198. 1902; 西藏植物志1: 528,图169 (7-8). 1983; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin ) 3 (2): 114. 1983; Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 108: 1983; Z. X. Peng et G. L. Zhang in Acta Bot. Bor.——Occ. Sin. 5 (2): 123. 1985. ——U. kunlunshanica C. Y. Yang, Clav. Pl. Xinjiang. 2: 84. Pl. 4 (1-2. 1982, nom. seminud.
多年生草本，丛生，具木质化的粗地下茎。茎高10-50厘米，下部圆柱状，上部稍 四棱形，节间较密，干时麦秆色并常带紫色，具稍密的刺毛和稀疏的微柔毛，在下部分 枝或不分枝。叶干时蓝绿色，卵形或心形，长1.5-7厘米，宽1-5厘米，先端短渐尖 或锐尖，基部心形，边缘有6-11枚牙齿，上面有刺毛和稀疏的细糙伏毛，下面有刺毛 和稀疏的微柔毛，钟乳体细点状，在叶上面明显，基出脉3 (-5)条，其侧出的一对弧 曲，伸达上部齿尖或与邻近的侧脉网结，叶脉在上面凹陷，在下面明显隆起；叶柄常很 短，长2-5（-16）毫米，有刺毛和微柔毛；托叶每节4枚，离生，长圆形，或长圆状 卵形，向下反折，长2-4毫米，具缘毛。花雌雄同株（雄花序生下部叶腋）或异株；花 序短穗状，稀近簇生状，长1-2.5厘米。雄花具细长梗（梗长1-2毫米），在芽时直径 约1.3毫米，开放后直径约2.5毫米；花被片4，合生至中部，外面疏生微糙毛；退化雌 蕊近盘状，具短粗梗；雌花具细梗。瘦果长圆状卵形，压扁，长约2毫米，熟时苍白色 或灰白色，光滑；宿存花被干膜质，内面二枚花后明显增大，近圆形或扁圆形，稀宽卵 形，比果大1倍以上，长3-5毫米，外面疏生微糙毛，有时在中肋上有1-2根刺毛，外 面二枚很小，卵形，较内面的短8-10倍。花期6-7月，果期8-9月。
产新疆（昆仑山）、西藏南部至北部、四川西北部、甘肃南部和青海。生于海拔4 200- 5 200米（青海祁连与新疆策勒县只3 000-3 500米）的高山石砾地、岩缝或山坡草地。 锡金也有分布。模式标本采自西藏西南部。

《Flora of China》|| Urticaceae || Urtica ||高原荨麻 Urtica hyperborea

6. Urtica hyperborea Jacquin ex Weddell, Monogr. Urtic. 68. 1856.

高原荨麻 gao yuan qian ma

Herbs perennial, caespitose, monoecious or dioecious. Rhizomes woody, thick. Stems pale brownish and purplish, simple or branched, cylindric basally, somewhat 4-angled apically, 10-50 cm tall, sparsely puberulent and densely armed with stinging hairs; internodes compact. Stipules free, reflexed, oblong or oblong-ovate, 2-4 mm, ciliate; petiole 0.2-0.5(-1.6) cm, puberulent, with stinging hairs; leaf blade green-blue when dry, ovate or cordate, 1.5-7 × 1-5 cm, 3(-5)-veined, lateral basal veins arcuate, reaching distal margin and anastomosing, impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, both surfaces with stinging and puberulent hairs, base cordate, margin 6-11-dentate, apex acute or short acuminate; cystoliths punctiform, conspicuous adaxially. Inflorescences unisexual, male ones in proximal axils, short spicate or in clusters, 1-2.5 cm. Male flowers long pedicellate, in bud ca. 1.3 mm, perianth lobes connate 1/2 of length, hirtellous. Female flowers: perianth lobes connate at base, membranous, unequal, dorsal-ventral lobes much larger, suborbicular, 3-5 mm, 2 times as long as achene, setulose and sometimes with 1 or 2 stinging hairs on ribs, lateral lobes ovate, 8-10 times as short as dorsal ones. Achene pale gray, oblong-ovoid, compressed, ca. 2 mm, smooth, invested by persistent perianth lobes. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.

Alpine meadows, thickets, crevices; 3000-5200 m. S Gansu, Qinghai, NW Sichuan, S Xinjiang, Xizang [Sikkim].

The invalidly published “Urtica kunlunshanica” Chang Y. Yang (Claves Pl. Xinjiang. 2: 84. 1982) belongs here.