《中国植物志》|| 莎草科 CYPERACEAE ||球形块茎莎草组 Sect. Rotundi C. B. Clarke ||香附子 Cyperus rotundus L.

7．香附子 香头草（广州）图版XLII, 1-6
Cyperus rotundus Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 45 et ed. 2 (1762) 67; Kunth Enum. II (1837) 58; Benth. Fl. Hongk. (1861) 387; Franch. Pl. David. I (1884) 317; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 216 et in Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. XVI (1906) 60; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI Beibl. 82 (19056; Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. XVII (1910) 235; Britton, in Bailey, GHerbarum I (1920) 13; Dunn et Tutch. Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. (1912) 296; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. V (1927) 38; Liu in Bull. Pek. SQc. Nat. Hist. II (1928) 91; Kukenth. in Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. Beih. XII(1922) 306, in Sinensia III (1932) 80 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 101, IV, 20 (1935) 107; Merr. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Philadelphia XXIV (1935) 87; Hand. –Mzt. Symb. Sin. VII (1936) 1248; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 116; Ohwi, Cyper. Jap. II (1944) 130; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 743.
匍匐根状茎长，具椭圆形块茎。稈稍细弱，高15-95厘米，锐三稜形，平滑，基部呈块茎状。叶较多，短于稈，宽2-5毫米，平张；鞘棕色，常裂成纤维状。叶状苞片2-3（-5） 枚，常长于花序，或有时短于花序；长侧枝聚繖花序简单或复出，具（2-）3-10个辐射枝；辐射枝最长达12厘米；穗状花序轮廓为陀螺形，稍疏松，具3-10个小穗；小穗斜展开，线形，长1-3厘米，宽约1.5毫米，具8-28朵花；小穗轴具较宽的、白色透明的翅；鳞片稍密地复瓦状排列，膜质，卵形或长圆状卵形，长约3毫米，顶端急尖或钝，无短尖，中间绿色，两侧紫红色或红棕色，具5-7条脉；雄蕊3，花药长，线形，暗血红色，药隔突出于花药顶端；花柱长，柱头3，细长，伸出鳞片外。小坚果长圆状倒卵形，三稜形，长为鳞片的1/3-2/5，具细点。花果期5-11月。
产于陕西、甘肃、山西、河南、河北、山东、江苏、浙江、江西、安徽、云南、贵州、四川、福建、广东、广西、台湾等省区；生长于山坡荒地草丛中或水边潮湿处。广布于世界各地。
其块茎名为香附子，可供药用，除能作健胃药外，还可以治疗妇科各症。本种分布很广，因而变化较大，有时小穗长达6.5厘米。

《云南植物志》|| 莎草科 Cyperaceae ||莎草属 Cyperus Linn. ||香附子 Cyperus rotundus Linn.

3.香附子（本草纲目）图版137: 1—6
Cyperus rotundus Linn. (1753) et (1762); Benth. (1861); Kükenth in Engl. (1935); Hand.-Mazz. (1936); 海南植物志 (1977); 中国植物志 (1961)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
地下匍匐茎长，具椭圆形块茎。秆高15—95厘米，稍细弱，锐三棱形，平滑，基部膨大呈块茎状。叶较多，生于秆的近基部，短于秆，宽2—5毫米，平张；叶鞘棕色，常裂成纤维状。苞片叶状，2—3（—5）枚，通常长于花序，偶有短于花序；长侧枝聚伞花序简单或复出，具（2—） 3—10个辐射枝，辐射枝最长达12厘米；穗状花序轮廓为陀螺形，稍疏松，具3—10个小穗；小穗斜展开，线形，长1—3厘米，粗约1.5毫米，具8—28朵花；小穗轴具较宽的、白色透明的翅；鳞片稍密地覆瓦状排列，卵形或长圆状卵形，长约3毫米，先端急尖或钝，无短尖，膜质，两侧紫红色或红棕色，中间绿色，具5—7条脉；雄蕊3枚，花药线形，暗血红色，药隔突出于花药顶端；花柱长，柱头3个，细长，伸出鳞片外。小坚果长圆状倒卵形，三棱形，长1—1.2毫米，表面具细点。花果期5—11月。
产勐海（勐遮）、勐腊、河口、蒙自、昆明、大理、凤庆、鹤庆；生于海拔200—2600米山坡荒地草丛中或水边潮湿处。除东北各省未见记载外，广布于全国各地。分布于全世界热带、亚热带和温带地区。
块茎是中药，名为香附子，可健胃和治疗妇科病症。
本种分布很广，因而形态特征变化较大，例如小穗有时可长达6.5厘米。

《Flora of North America》|| Cyperaceae || Cyperus || Cyperus

45. Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753.

Purple nut-sedge, coco-grass

Herbs, perennial, stoloniferous; stolons (2–)5–12 cm × 1–2 mm, bearing tubers 3–8(–12) mm diam., wiry, springy when dried, indurate. Culms trigonous, 10–35(–40) cm × 0.7–3.4 mm, basally indurate, glabrous. Leaves V-shaped to flanged V-shaped, 5–30 cm × 2–6 mm. Inflorescences: spikes 1(–3), broadly ellipsoid, (12–)15–25(–30) × (12–) 20–30(–50) mm; rays (3–)4–6(–7), 0.2–10 cm; bracts (2–)3–5, horizontal to ascending at 45°, V-shaped to flanged V-shaped, 0.5–10 cm × 0.5–4 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–1 mm wide. Spikelets (2–)3–7(–12), compressed, linear, 4–40 × 1.3–1.8 mm; floral scales persistent, 6–36(–42), spreading or appressed, purple to reddish brown, with narrow clear border and green midrib, 7–9-ribbed, ovate, (1.8–)2.6–3.4 × 2.2–3 mm, apex obtuse. Flowers: anthers 1–2.5 mm; styles 1.3–3.5 mm; stigmas (1.8–)2–3.3 mm. Achenes black, sessile, ellipsoid, abaxial face convex, adaxial face concave, 1.4–1.7(–1.9) × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate.

Fruiting summer–fall. Croplands, disturbed soils usually; 0–400 m; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., Mo., N.Mex., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Australia.

Cyperus rotundus is documented in Connecticut, Delaware, New York, and Pennsylvania; there is no evidence of persistent populations.

Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus are the only two species of subg. Cyperus in the New World that produce tuberiferous stolons. The two species also have persistent floral scales and persistent rachillas, a combination of characteristics not found in any other New World species of Cyperus.

Cyperus rotundus is distinguished from other species of the genus in the New World by its open spikes composed of linear reddish spikelets borne on a conspicuous slender rachis. Cyperus rotundus is usually acknowledged to be the world’s worst weed (cf. G. C. Tucker 1987). In the United States, it does not grow north of the mean 1°C January isotherm. Cyperus esculentus (preceding species) is a serious weed in much of the world, especially in cooler regions where the more tropical C. rotundus does not grow. Cyperus esculentus is able to tolerate lower air temperatures (as low as -18°C). The two species apparently differ also in their thermal optima for growth.

《Flora of China》|| Cyperaceae || Cyperus ||香附子 Cyperus rotundus

33. Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753.

香附子 xiang fu zi

Cyperus rotundus var. quimoyensis L. K. Dai.

Perennials. Stolons slender, with ellipsoidal tubers. Culms solitary, rarely 2 laxly tufted, 15-90 cm tall, slightly slender, triquetrous, smooth, base swollen into a tuber, leaved at basal part. Leaves equaling or shorter than culm; sheath brown, usually disintegrating into fibers; leaf blade bluish green, 2-5 mm wide, ± flat. Involucral bracts 2 or 3(-5), longer to sometimes shorter than inflorescence. Inflorescence a simple or compound anthela; rays (2 or)3-10, mostly to 12 cm, unequal in length, spreading. Spikes obdeltoid, with 3-10 slightly laxly arranged spikelets. Spikelets obliquely spreading, linear, 1-3 cm × 1.5-2 mm, 8-28-flowered; rachilla wings white, slightly broad, hyaline. Glumes blood-red to purplish brown on both surfaces but middle green, subdensely imbricate, ovate to oblong-ovate, ca. 3 mm, 5-7-veined (fading some distance before margin), apex acute to obtuse and muticous. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style long; stigmas 3, longer than style, exserted from glume. Nutlet obovoid-oblong, 1/3-2/5 as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, puncticulate. Fl. and fr. May-Nov. 2n = 80, 84, 96, 100, 104, 108, 110, 112, 116, 124, 132, 138, 160, ca. 200.

Grasslands, wet or dry areas on mountain slopes, stream margins, along trails, sandbanks, ditch margins, water margins in valleys, paddy field margins; near sea level to 2100 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Dongsha Qundao, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Liaoning, Nansha Qundao, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xisha Qundao, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Europe, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].

The tubers are used as a Chinese medicine. The species is generally considered to be one of the world’s worst weeds.