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Ethnobotany of China

KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Pinopsida || ORDER:Pinales || FAMILY:柏科 Cupressaceae || GENUS: 杉木属 Cunninghamia

杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

Accepted name Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Cupressaceae) WCVP · exact match
Catalogue of Life China 杉木
Flora treatments

《中国植物志》|| 杉科 TAXODIACEAE ||杉木属 Cunninghamia R. Br ||杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

1. 杉木(通用名)沙木、沙树(西南各省区),正杉、正木(浙江),木头树、刺杉(江西、安徽),杉(经济植物手册)图版66:1-13
Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. in Cultis's Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2743. 1827; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 2: 50. 1914; Chun, Chinese Econ. Trees 31. t. 11. 1921; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 4: 125. 1923, Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 27. 1927, ed. 2. 51. 1940, et Bibliogr. 44. 1949; Pilger in Engler u. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 13: 360. t. 189. 1926; Wils. in Journ . Arn. Arb. 9: 16. 1928; Hand.-Mzt. Symb. Sin. 7. 17. 1929; Beissn. u. Fitsch. Handb. Nadelh: ed. 3. 467. f. 125. 1930; 郑万钧, 中研丛刊2: 106. 1931; Bailey, Cult. Conif. 144. f. 66. 1933; Merr. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24. 65. 1935;钱崇澍, 中国森林植物志1: 图版4. 1937; A. Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agr. Trop. nos. 269-270-271: 21. 1944;郝景盛,中国裸子植物志100. 1945,再版84. 1951,均不包括台湾的植物;刘玉壶,中研汇报1 (2): 158. 1947; Dallimore and Jackson, Handb. Conif. ed. 3. 258. f. 43. 1948, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo. ed. 4. 190. f. 38. 1966;侯宽昭等, 广州植物志72.图14. 1956; 裴鉴、单人骅等, 江苏南部种子植物手册11. 图13. 1959; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学1: 212.图93. 1961; 中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴1: 313.图626. 1972.——Pinus lanceolata Lamb. Descr. Gen. Pinus 1: 53. t. 34. 1803. ——Belis jaculifolia Salisb. In Trans. Linn. Soc. Loud. 8: 315. 1807. ——Cunninghamia sinensis R. Br. ex Rich. Comment. Bot. Conif. et Cycad. 80. t. l. f. 3. 1826; Benth. Fl. Hongkong. 337. 1861; Parl. in DC. Prodr. 16 (2): 432. 1868; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 548. 1902; Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. ed. 2. 292. 1900; Pritz. in Bot. Jahrb. 29;: 218. 1901; Clinton-Baker, Illustr. Conif. 2: 67. cum tab. 1909; Beissn. Handb. Nadelh. ed. 2. 72. f. 8. 1909, excl, plant. Taiwan.; Lec. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 1071. f. 124 (1). 1931;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 46.图33. 1937. ——Belis lanceolata (Salisb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 475. 1830. ——Roxopitys cunnighamii Nelson, Pinaceae 97. 1866. ——Cunninghamia chinensis C. de Vos. Bered Woordenb. Heest. Conif. 153. 1867. ——Cunninghamia sinensis var. prolifera Lemee et Levl. In Monde des Pl. ser. 2. 16: 20. 1914.
乔木,高达30米,胸径可达2.5-3米;幼树树冠尖塔形,大树树冠圆锥形,树皮灰褐色,裂成长条片脱落,内皮淡红色;大枝平展,小枝近对生或轮生,常成二列状,幼枝绿色,光滑无毛;冬芽近圆形,有小型叶状的芽鳞,花芽圆球形、较大。叶在主枝上辐射伸展,侧枝之叶基部扭转成二列状,披针形或条状披针形,通常微弯、呈镰状,革质、竖硬,长2-6厘米,宽3-5毫米,边缘有细缺齿,先端渐尖,稀微钝,上面深绿色,有光泽,除先端及基部外两侧有窄气孔带,微具白粉或白粉不明显,下面淡绿色,沿中脉两侧各有1条白粉气孔带;老树之叶通常较窄短、较厚,上面无气孔线。雄球花圆锥状,长0.5-1.5厘米,有短梗,通常40余个簇生枝顶;雌球花单生或2-3(-4)个集生,绿色,苞鳞横椭圆形,先端急尖,上部边缘膜质,有不规则的细齿,长宽几相等,约3.5-4毫米。球果卵圆形,长2.5-5厘米,径3-4厘米;熟时苞鳞革质,棕黄色,三角状卵形,长约1.7厘米,宽1.5厘米,先端有坚硬的刺状尖头,边缘有不规则的锯齿,向外反卷或不反卷,背面的中肋两侧有2条稀疏气孔带;种鳞很小,先端三裂,侧裂较大,裂片分离,先端有不规则细锯齿,腹面着生3粒种子;种子扁平,遮盖着种鳞,长卵形或矩圆形,暗褐色,有光泽,两侧边缘有窄翅,长7-8毫米,宽5毫米;子叶2枚,发芽时出土。花期4月,球果10月下旬成熟。
为我国长江流域、秦岭以南地区栽培最广、生长快、经济价值高的用材树种。栽培区北起秦岭南坡、河南桐柏山、安徽大别山、江苏句容、宜兴,南至广东信宜、广西玉林、龙津、云南广南、麻栗坡、屏边、昆明、会泽、大理,东自江苏南部、浙江、福建西部山区,西至四川大渡河流域(泸定磨西面以东地区)及西南部安宁河流域。垂直分布的上限常随地形和气候条件的不同而有差异。在东部大别山区海拔700米以下,福建戴云山区1000米以下,在四川峨眉山海拔1800米以下,云南大理海拔2500米以下。越南也有分布。模式标本采自浙江舟山。
木材黄白色,有时心材带淡红褐色,质较软,细致,有香气,纹理直,易加工,比重0.38,耐腐力强,不受白蚁蛀食。供建筑、桥梁、造船、矿柱,木桩、电杆、家具及木纤维工业原料等用。树皮含单宁。
杉木生长快,用种子繁殖或插条繁殖,或根株萌芽更新,栽培地区广,木材优良、用途广,为长江以南温暖地区最重要的速生用材树种。


Source 中国植物物种信息数据库

Economic plants
Oil and fat plants
种子油可制肥皂。
[中国经济植物志18. 杉 ( sha )]

Tannin plants
树皮含鞣质,可提制栲胶。
树干木质部含芳香油(见“芳香油类”,1284页)。种子可榨油(见“油脂类,698页)。木材轻软,纹理直,易加工,抗病虫害力强,可供建筑、器具、桥梁、枕木、电杆等用材。杉树皮是很好的绝缘材料。杉树皮纤维亦可假造纸及纺织原料。
[中国经济植物志27. 杉 ( sha )]

Essential-oil plants
树干木质部含有芳香油,精油中含有固体结晶——杉木脑,香气很淡,常被单离后用作调香中保香剂或填充剂,单离脑后之素油,还可用作皂用香精中调合原料。
[中国经济植物志13. 杉 ( sha )]


Plant use records
Chinese name Vernacular name Plant Ethnic group Use Source
杉木 美便,美怕,美卡 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Dong medicine Ethnomedicinal
杉木 美便,美怕,美卡 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Dong medicine Ethnomedicinal
杉木 美便,美怕,美卡 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Dong medicine Ethnomedicinal
杉木 美便,美怕,美卡 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Dong medicine Ethnomedicinal 《桂药编》
杉木 寸榜罢里,Sedp pagt bav liix,美柄(Meix beens) 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Dong medicine Ethnomedicinal 《侗医学》
杉木 美奔meix beens 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Dong medicine Ethnomedicinal
杉木 杉浆 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Yao medicine Ethnomedicinal 《桂药编》
杉木 汉沙 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Zhuang medicine Ethnomedicinal 《桂药编》
杉木 都江 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Miao medicine Ethnomedicinal 《桂药编》
杉木 杉树尖称Ghob blabgiand qab阿罢坚叉,Ghab ot det jib嘎阿豆基,Gerb guff det jib肝豆基,Nzhikjab枳阶 杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. Miao medicine Ethnomedicinal 《苗医药》


Historical formulas containing this species
Use in historical formulas by period (40 formulas in total)
Use in historical formulas by periodPre-Qin: 0Pre-QinHan: 0HanWei–Jin & N–S: 0Wei–Jin& N–SSui–Tang & Five Dynasties: 11Sui–Tang& Five DynastiesSong: 2323SongJin–Yuan: 11Jin–YuanMing: 99MingQing: 66Qing




Wild economic plants of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (field survey)
Plant name Local name Family Life form Part used Folk use Voucher Locality Ethnic group Region

Research papers
Title Authors Journal Date
Physical and chemical properties of ecological forest soils using different agroforestry patterns of Chinese fir with medicinal plants Li Chenchen; Zhou Zaizhi; Liang Kunnan; Huang Guihua; Yang Guang Journal of Zhejiang a&f University 2018
Comparative studies on wood structure and microtensile properties between compression and opposite wood fibers of Chinese fir plantation Li, Zhu; Zhan, Tianyi; Eder, Michaela; Jiang, Jiali; Lyu, Jianxiong; Cao, Jinzhen JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE FEB 9 2021
Effects of the extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves extracted by supercritical fluid extraction on seed germination of Chinese fir Lin Sizu; Zhang Yanping; Cao Guangqiu; Du Ling; Wang Aiping Journal of Plant Resources and Environment 2003
Niche Characteristics of Plant Populations in Understory Herbaceous Layer of Cunninghamia lanceolata Pure Forest and Mixed Forest Feng Yuchao; Zheng Xiaoyang; Wang Zhengning; Liu Bo; Lan Siren Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment 2019
The Differences of Soil Enzyme Activity and Quality Evaluation of Cunninghamia lanceolata Large-diameter Industrial Plantation under Different Understory Vegetation Management Measures Cao Guangqiu; Fei Yuchong; Lu Jin; Huang Ying; Zheng Hong; Lin Kaimin; Ji Chunshan; Cao Shijiang Forest Research 2020
Characteristics of soil enzymes stoichiometry in rhizosphere of understory vegetation in subtropical forest plantations Gao Yuqiu; Dai Xiaoqin; Wang Jianlei; Fu Xiaoli; Kou Liang; Wang Huimin Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2019
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