《中国植物志》|| 睡莲科 NYMPHAEACEAE ||莲属 Nelumbo Adans. ||莲 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

1．莲（本草纲目）莲花（本草纲目）、芙蕖（尔雅）、芙蓉（古今注）、菡萏（诗经）、荷花（通称）图l
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Fruct. et Semin. Pl. 1: 73. 1788; 裴鉴、单人骅, 华东水生维管束植物40. f. 31. 1956; 广州植物志97. f. 31. 1956; 大井次三郎, 日本植物志508. 1956; 裴鉴、周太炎, 中国药用植物志6: 259. 1958; 江苏南部种子植物手册269. f. 423. 1959; 北京植物志上册, 268. f. 216. 1962; 海南植物志1: 311. f. 152. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 646. f. 1292. 1972;秦岭植物1 (2) : 219. f. 187. 1974; 东北草本植物志3: 78. pl. 31. 1975.——Nymphaea nelumbo L. Sp. Pl. 511. 1753.——Nelumbium nuciferum Gaertn. l. c. 73; Kom. Fl. URSS 7: 3. 1937. ——Nelumbium speciosum Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 1258. 1799; DC. Prodr. 1: 113. 1824; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 116. 1872; Kom. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 22: 215. 1903; Gagn. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 162. 1908.
多年生水生草本；根状茎横生，肥厚，节间膨大，内有多数纵行通气孔道，节部缢缩，上生黑色鳞叶，下生须状不定根。叶圆形，盾状，直径25-90厘米，全缘稍呈波状，上面光滑，具白粉，下面叶脉从中央射出，有1-2次叉状分枝；叶柄粗壮，圆柱形，长1-2米，中空，外面散生小刺。花梗和叶柄等长或稍长，也散生小刺；花直径10-20厘米，美丽，芳香；花瓣红色、粉红色或白色，矩圆状椭圆形至倒卵形，长5-10厘米，宽3-5厘米，由外向内渐小，有时变成雄蕊，先端圆钝或微尖；花药条形，花丝细长，着生在花托之下；花柱极短，柱头顶生；花托（莲房）直径5-10厘米。坚果椭圆形或卵形，长1.8-2.5厘米，果皮革质，坚硬，熟时黑褐色；种子（莲子）卵形或椭圆形，长1.2-1.7厘米，种皮红色或白色。花期6-8月，果期8-10月。
产于我国南北各省。自生或栽培在池塘或水田内。苏联、朝鲜、日本、印度、越南、亚洲南部和大洋洲均有分布。
根状茎（藕）作蔬菜或提制淀粉（藕粉）；种子供食用。叶、叶柄、花托、花、雄蕊、果实、种子及根状茎均作药用；藕及莲子为营养品，叶（荷叶）及叶柄（荷梗）煎水喝可清暑热，藕节、荷叶、荷梗、莲房、雄蕊及莲子都富有鞣质，作收敛止血药。叶为茶的代用品，又作包装材料。

《云南植物志》|| 睡莲科 Nymphacaceae nom. conserv. ||莲属 Nelumbo Adans. ||莲 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

1．莲(本草纲目) 图版44，1—5
莲花(本草纲目)，芙蕖(尔雅)，芙蓉(古今注)，荷、荷花(通称)。
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (1788); Caspary in Miq. (1866); Franch. et Say. (1875); Ohwi (1953); 广州植物志 (1956)*; 海南植物志 (1964)*; "图鉴" (1972)*; 东北草本植物志 (1975)* H. L. Li (1976); 中国植物志 (1979)*.
Nymphaea nelumbo L. (1753); Nelumbium nuciferum Gaertn. (1788); Kom. (1937); Nel. speciosum Willd. (1799); Hook. f. et Thoms. in Hook. f. (1872); Forb. et Hemsl. (1886); Kom. (1903)Kom. et Alis. (1931)*.
多年生水生草本。根茎肥厚，横走泥中，外皮黄白色，节部缢缩，生有鳞叶及不定根，节间膨大，内部白色，中空并具多条纵管。叶基生，叶柄长，圆柱形，中空，长达1—2米，表面散生刺毛；叶片圆盾形，直径30—90厘米，挺出水面，波状全缘，上面暗绿色，光滑具白粉，背面淡绿色，叶脉放射状。花梗基生，与叶柄等高或较高，顶生一花；花大形，直径10—23厘米，粉红色或白色，具芳香；萼片4—5枚，绿色，小形，早落；花瓣多数，长圆状椭圆形至倒卵形，先端钝，由外层向内渐小；雄蕊多数，早落，花丝细长，着生于花托基部周围；花药线形，黄色，药隔先端具棒状附属物；心皮多数，埋藏于花托内；花托倒圆锥形，顶部截平，具20—30个小孔，各孔内藏1椭圆形子房，花柱短。果期花托逐渐增大，内呈海绵状，直径5—10厘米。坚果椭圆形或卵圆形，长1.5—2厘米，灰棕色或灰黑色，被灰白色粉霜，果皮坚硬；种子椭圆形或卵圆形，种皮红棕色。花期8—9月。
云南各地(特别是湖区)栽培于池塘或水田中；我国南北各省栽培或野生。原产我国，印度、伊朗、大洋洲，世界各地有栽培。
果皮坚硬，埋在地下数百年仍不丧失其发芽力。
各部均可入药，莲子(果实)及莲须(雄蕊)为滋补强壮剂，主治慢性肺炎、神经衰弱、遗精、失眠等；莲子芯(胚)有清热解毒作用；花可消食解暑；鲜花搓揉后敷肿毒，有排浓消肿之功效。荷梗、荷叶可用于消暑散热、止血解毒，又可治久痢出血、妇女血崩、产后恶血、男子遗精、夜尿等症。藕及藕节(根茎)可解酒毒、止血；莲蓬(花托)治血尿、止血崩。荷花可供蔬食；藕可作水果生食或煮熟作蔬菜；莲子亦可作甜食；叶可代茶。

《Flora of North America》|| Nelumbonaceae || Nelumbo || Nelumbo nucifera

2. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 73. 1788.

Indian lotus, sacred lotus, oriental lotus, lotus

Leaves: petiole to 2 m or more. Leaf blade to 6 dm or more. Flowers: tepals normally all caducous, pink, pink-tinged, or fading to white, 1-13 cm; anthers 1-2 cm. Fruits ovoid, 10-20 × 7-13 mm, mostly more than 1.5 times longer than wide; receptacle to 1 dm diam. at maturity, gradually tapered or rounded from flattened top to base, base rounded or very slightly obtuse-tapered, lateral surface rugose or only weakly striate.

Flowering late spring-summer. Ponds and lakes; 0-400 m; introduced; Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Mass., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Tex., W.Va.; naturalized, s Europe; Asia; n Australia.

Nelumbo nucifera is an ornamental species sporadically naturalized from cultivation over the area mapped in the southeastern United States. Although Virginia, Kentucky, and Delaware are within the range, I know of no collections from Virginia or Delaware and of no wild-growing specimens of N . nucifera in Kentucky. The species was listed in a flora of New York (R. S. Mitchell 1986); I have not seen a voucher specimen for the report.

The seeds of Nelumbo nucifera have been shown to remain viable for several hundred years under certain conditions (D. A. Priestley and M. A. Posthumus 1982).

《Flora of China》|| Nelumbonaceae || Nelumbo || Nelumbo nucifera

1. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 73. 1788.

莲 lian

Nelumbo komarovii Grossheim; N. nucifera var. macrorhizomata Nakai; Nelumbium speciosum Willdenow; Nymphaea nelumbo Linnaeus.

Petiole 1--2 m, terete, fistulous, glabrous or papillae hard and scattered; leaf blade abaxially blue-green, orbicular, 25--90 cm in diam., papery, glabrous, glaucous, water-repellent, margin entire. Flowers 10--23 cm in diam.; peduncles longer than petioles, glabrous or sparsely spinulate. Tepals caducous, pink or white, oblong-elliptic to obovate, 5--10 × 3--5 cm. Stamens slightly longer than receptacle; filament slender; anther linear, 1--2 mm; connective appendage clavate, to 7 mm, incurved. Receptacle accrescent, turbinate, 5--10 cm in diam. Fruit oblong to ovoid, 1.0--2.0 × 7--15 cm, glabrous; pericarp thick, hardened. Fl. Jun--Aug. 2n = 16.

Lakes, ponds, cultivated. Throughout China except Nei Mongol, Qinghai, and Xizang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia (Java), Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia (Far East), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; SW Asia, Australia].

This species is cultivated for its edible rhizomes and seeds.