《中国植物志》|| 杨柳科 SALICACEAE ||胡杨组 Sect. Turanga Bge. ||胡杨 Populus euphratica Olivier

61.胡杨（中国树木分类学）图版23：1-2
Populus euphratica Oliv. Voy. Emp. Othoman. 3: 449. f. 45-46. 1807; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping, 3: 239. 1935; Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 222. t. 10: 42-d. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学, 120. 1937; Franc. in Fl. Europ. 1: 65. 1964; A. Neum. in Rech, Fl. Iran. 65: 5. 1969.——P. diversifolia Schrenk. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 10: 253. 1842; Kom. 1. c. 5: 221. 1936; Poljak. in Fl. Kazakhst. 3: 50. 1960; 中国高等植物图鉴, 1: 357.图713. 1972 ——P. ariana Dode in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 18: 174. t. 11: A. (Extr. Monogr. Populus, 16). 1905.——P. litwinowiana Dode, 1. c. 18: 175. t. 11: E. 1905; Poljak. in 1. c. 3: 52. t. 3: 2. 1960. ——Turanga euphratica (Oliv.) Kimura in Sci. Rep. Biol. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 13: 386. 1938.——Balsamiflua euphratica (Oliv.) Kimura in 1. c. 14: 191. 1939.
乔木，高10-15米，稀灌木状。树皮淡灰褐色，下部条裂；萌枝细，圆形，光滑或微有绒毛。芽椭圆形，光滑，褐色，长约7毫米。苗期和萌枝叶披针形或线状披针形，全缘或不规则的疏波状齿牙缘；成年树小枝泥黄色，有短绒毛或无毛，枝内富含盐量，嘴咬有咸味。叶形多变化，卵圆形、卵圆状披针形、三角伏卵圆形或肾形，先端有粗齿牙，基部楔形、阔楔形、圆形或截形，有2腺点，两面同色；叶柄微扁，约与叶片等长，萌枝叶柄极短，长仅1厘米，有短绒毛或光滑。雄花序细圆柱形，长2-3厘米，轴有短绒毛，雄蕊15-25，花药紫红色，花盘膜质，边缘有不规则齿牙；苞片略呈菱形，长约3毫米，上部有疏齿牙；雌花序长约2.5厘米，果期长达9厘米，花序轴有短绒毛或无毛，子房长卵形，被短绒毛或无毛，子房柄约与子房等长，柱头3，2浅裂，鲜红或淡黄绿色。蒴果长卵圆形，长10-12毫米， 2-3瓣裂，无毛。花期5月，果期7-8月。
产内蒙古西部、甘肃、青海、新疆。分布蒙古、苏联（中亚部分和高加索）、埃及、叙利亚、印度、伊朗、阿富汗、巴基斯坦等地。
我国的胡杨林，主要分布在新疆，即北纬37度-47度之间的广大地区。多生于盆地、河谷和平原，在准噶尔盆地为250-600米，在伊犁河谷为600-750米，在天山南坡上限为1800米，在塔什库尔千和昆仑山上限为2300-2400米，塔里木河岸最常见。
胡杨是干旱大陆性气侯条件下的树种。喜光、抗热、抗大气干旱、抗盐碱、抗风沙。在湿热的气侯条件和粘重土壤上生长不良。它要求沙质土壤。在水分好的条件下，寿命可达百年左右。主要用种子繁殖，插条难于成活。
木材供建筑、桥梁、农具、家具等用。木纤维长0.5-2.2毫米，平均长1.14毫米，也为很好的造纸原料；为绿化西北干旱盐碱地带的优良树种。

《Flora of China》|| Salicaceae || Populus ||胡杨 Populus euphratica

70. Populus euphratica Olivier, Voy. Emp. Othoman. 3: 449. 1807.

胡杨 hu yang

Balsamiflua euphratica (Olivier) Kimura; Populus ariana Dode; P. diversifolia Schrenk; P. litwinowiana Dode; Turanga euphratica (Olivier) Kimura.

Trees to 15 m tall, rarely shrubby; bark grayish brown, furrowed on basal part of trunk. Branchlets brownish, tomentulose or glabrous, pilose when young. Sprouts terete, slender, smooth or slightly tomentose. Buds brown, ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm, glabrescent. Petiole at maturity slightly complanate, ca. as long as leaf blade; leaf blade ovate-orbicular, reniform, or deltoid-ovate, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate, with 2 glands, apex with coarse teeth. Leaves of seedling stage and on sprouts shortly petiolate; leaf blade linear, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, margin entire or with irregular, loose, undulate teeth. Male catkin slender, terete, 2-3 cm; rachis tomentulose. Male flower: anthers purplish red. Female catkin 2.5 cm, to 9 cm in fruit; rachis tomentulose or glabrous; ovary long ovoid, tomentulose or glabrous, long stipitate. Female flower: stigmas 3, yellowish green, each 2-lobed. Capsule 1-1.2 cm, glabrous, 2- or 3-valved. Fl. May, fr. Jul-Aug.

Plains, valleys, basins; 200-2400 m. Gansu, W Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Afghanistan, ?India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia].

Used for timber; vulnerable.