KINGDOM: || PHYLUM: || CLASS: || ORDER: || FAMILY:毛茛科 RANUNCULACEAE || GENUS:
《中国植物志》|| 毛茛科 RANUNCULACEAE ||芍药亚科 Subfam. Paeonioideae ||芍药属 Paeonia L.
1.芍药属——Paeonia L.
L. Gen Pl. 678. 1737.
灌木、亚灌木或多年生草本。根圆柱形或具纺锤形的块根。当年生分枝基部或茎基部具数枚鳞片。叶通常为二回三出复叶,小叶片不裂而全缘或分裂、裂片常全缘。单花顶生、或数朵生枝顶、或数朵生茎顶和茎上部叶腋,有时仅顶端一朵开放,大型,直径4厘米以上;苞片2-6,披针形,叶状,大小不等,宿存;萼片3-5,宽卵形,大小不等;花瓣5-13(栽培者多为重瓣),倒卵形;雄蕊多数,离心发育,花丝狭线形,花药黄色,纵裂;花盘杯状或盘状,革质或肉质,完全包裹或半包裹心皮或仅包心皮基部;心皮多为2-3,稀4-6或更多,离生,有毛或无毛,向上逐渐收缩成极短的花柱,柱头扁平,向外反卷,胚珠多数,沿心皮腹缝线排成2列。蓇葖成熟时沿心皮的腹缝线开裂;种子数颗,黑色、深褐色,光滑无毛。
约35种,分布于欧、亚大陆温带地区。我国有11种,主要分布在西南、西北地区,少数种类在东北、华北及长江两岸各省也有分布。牡丹 P. suffruticosa、芍药P. lactiflora为我国主要药材之一,全几国不少地区都有栽培,尤以四川(垫江、渠县、中江)、河南(洛阳)、山东(菏泽)、安徽(铜陵、毫县)、浙江(东阳、临安、余姚)最为著名。
在我 国分布的种类中,多数种类的根、根皮供药用,有镇痉、止痛、凉血散瘀之效。
芍药属在一系列外部和内部的形态特征上(染色体大,基数为5;维管束是周韧的,导管是梯纹的,纹孔具缘纹孔;花大,雄蕊离心发育,花粉粒大,外壁有网状纹孔,花盘存在,并包住雌蕊;种子萌发是留土的;胚在发育初期似裸子植物的银杏,有一个游离核的阶段,而与其它所有的被子植物不同)与毛茛科有显著区别,在含有的化学成分上也有明显差异(见前化学成分一节),自本世纪初以来,一些学者主张芍药属应自毛茛科分出成为一独立的科(芍药科Paeoniaceae),这种意见是完全正确的。根据花的各组成部分均为离生,以及有与银杏相似的胚胎发育的方式,正如某些学者所主张的,将芍药科放在毛茛目(多果瓣目)中是恰当的。但另外一些学者则根据雄蕊发育方向,维管束、导管及纹孔的类型等特征,认为芍药科应属于五桠果目Dillenia-les。
| 中文名 | 民族名 | 植物 | 民族 | 用途 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牡丹 | 拉豆玛尔保 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 藏药 | 民族药用 | 《青藏药鉴》 |
| 牡丹 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 苗药 | 民族药用 | 《湘蓝考》 | |
| 牡丹 | 牡丹 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 苗药 | 民族药用 | |
| 牡丹 | 牡丹 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 苗药 | 民族药用 | |
| 牡丹 | 牡丹 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 苗药 | 民族药用 | 《滇省志》 |
| 牡丹 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 白药 | 民族药用 | 《大理资志》 | |
| 牡丹 | 班玛 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 藏药 | 民族药用 | |
| 牡丹 | 班玛 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 藏药 | 民族药用 | |
| 牡丹 | 班玛 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 藏药 | 民族药用 | |
| 牡丹 | 班玛 | 牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa. Andr. | 藏药 | 民族药用 | 《藏本草》 |
| 标题 | 作者 | 期刊 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Research on the quality of original plants and material medicine of Cortex Paeoniae]. | Guo, Bao-lin; Basang, Deji; Xiao, Pei-gen; Hong, De-yuan | Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica | JUN 28 2021 |
| [Anti-arthritic-related metal bioavailability for optimal compatibility ratio of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Paeoniae Radix Alba]. | Lin, Lu-Xiu; Zheng, Feng-Ying; Huang, Gui-Zhen; Li, Shun-Xing; Liu, Feng-Jiao; Man, Shan; Wu, Ji-Ru; Li, Ying-Ying | Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica | 2020-Dec |
| Unique Ornamental Plant Genetic Resources and Breeding in China | Zhang, Qi-Xiang; Pan, Hui-Tang; Sun, Ming; Yang, Wei-Yu; Wang, Jia | XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN ORNAMENTALS, LANDSCAPE AND URBAN HORTICULTURE | 2012 |
| New insights into Paeoniaceae used as medicinal plants in China | Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Zhai, Yuhui; Yuan, Junhui; Hu, Yonghong | SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | DEC 5 2019 |
| Publication, Registration and Protection of Ornamental Plant Cultivars in China | Liu, Q.; Feng, Y. | PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE TAXONOMY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS | 2008 |
| Protective effect of Keishi-bukuryo-gan and its constituent medicinal plants against nitric oxide donor-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells | Shimada, Y; Yokoyama, K; Goto, H; Sekiya, N; Mantani, N; Tahara, E; Hikiami, H; Terasawa, K | PHYTOMEDICINE | |
| Neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system | Manayi, Azadeh; Omidpanah, Sahar; Barreca, Davide; Ficarra, Silvana; Daglia, Maria; Nabavi, Seyed Fazel; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad | PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS | DEC 2017 |
| Mechanism for hepato-protective action of Liangxue Huayu Recipe (LHR): Blockade of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation | Jiang, Ze-Qun; Yan, Xiao-Jing; Bi, Lei; Chen, Jian-Ping; Zhou, Qiong; Chen, Wei-Ping | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JUL 30 2013 |
| Coniferyl ferulate exerts antidepressant effect via inhibiting the activation of NMDAR-CaMKII-MAPKs and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways | Gong, Wenxia; Zhou, Yuzhi; Gong, Wenlong; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | APR 6 2020 |
| Xuebijing injection in septic rats mitigates kidney injury, reduces cortical microcirculatory disorders, and suppresses activation of local inflammation | Liu, Jingfeng; Wang, Zhenzhou; Lin, Jin; Li, Tian; Guo, Xinjie; Pang, Ran; Dong, Lei; Duan, Meili | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | AUG 10 2021 |
| Identification and quantification of the major volatile constituents in antidepressant active fraction of xiaoyaosan by gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry | Zhou, Yuzhi; Ren, Yanling; Ma, Zhijie; Jia, Guangcheng; Gao, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Lizeng; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAY 7 2012 |
| Integrating traditional Chinese medicine healthcare into diabetes care by reducing the risk of developing kidney failure among type 2 diabetic patients: A population-based case control study | Hsu, Pei-Chien; Tsai, Yueh-Ting; Lai, Jung-Nien; Wu, Chien-Tung; Lin, Shun-Ku; Huang, Chung-Yu | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | OCT 28 2014 |
| Efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection (a Chinese patent) for sepsis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Li, Chengyu; Wang, Ping; Zhang, Li; Li, Min; Lei, Xiang; Liu, Si; Feng, Zhiqiao; Yao, Yongming; Chang, Bai; Liu, Baoshan; Shang, Hongcai | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | OCT 5 2018 |
| Integrative therapy decreases the risk of lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A population-based retrospective cohort study | Chang, Ching-Mao; Wu, Po-Chang; Chiang, Jen-Huai; Wei, Yau-Huei; Chen, Fang-Pey; Chen, Tzeng-Ji; Pan, Tai-Long; Yen, Hung-Rong; Chang, Hen-Hong | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JAN 20 2017 |
| Antidepressant-like effects of the fractions of Xiaoyaosan on rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress | Zhou, Yuzhi; Lu, Linlin; Li, Zhongfeng; Gao, Xiaoxia; Tian, Junsheng; Zhang, Lizeng; Wu, Bin; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | SEP 1 2011 |
| A comprehensive study of three species of Paeonia stem and leaf phytochemicals, and their antioxidant activities | Tong, Ning-Ning; Zhou, Xiao-Yang; Peng, Li-Ping; Liu, Zheng-An; Shu, Qing-Yan | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JUN 12 2021 |
| Vasodilatory effects of ethanol extract of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and its mechanism of action in the rat aorta | Jin, Song Nan; Wen, Jin Fu; Wang, Ting Ting; Kang, Dae Gill; Lee, Ho Sub; Cho, Kyung Woo | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JUN 26 2012 |
| Metabonomic study on chronic unpredictable mild stress and intervention effects of Xiaoyaosan in rats using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry | Gao, Xiaoxia; Zheng, Xingyu; Li, Zhenyu; Zhou, Yuzhi; Sun, Haifeng; Zhang, Lizeng; Guo, Xiaoqing; Du, Guanhua; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | SEP 1 2011 |
| Integrative Chinese herbal medicine therapy reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A nationwide matched cohort study | Liao, Wan-Ting; Su, Cheng-Chiung; Lee, Ming-Tsung; Li, Chia-Jung; Lin, Cheng-Li; Chiang, Jen-Huai; Yen, Hung-Rong | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | OCT 28 2019 |
| The current evidence for the treatment of sepsis with Xuebijing injection: Bioactive constituents, findings of clinical studies and potential mechanisms | Li, Chengyu; Wang, Ping; Li, Min; Zheng, Rui; Chen, Shiqi; Liu, Si; Feng, Zhiqiao; Yao, Yongming; Shang, Hongcai | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JAN 30 2021 |
| Screening of a polar extract of Paeonia rockii: Composition and antioxidant and antifungal activities | Picerno, Patrizia; Mencherini, Teresa; Sansone, Francesca; Del Gaudio, Pasquale; Granata, Ilaria; Porta, Amalia; Aquino, Rita P. | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | |
| Effects of sulfur-fumigation on the pharmacokinetics, metabolites and analgesic activity of Radix Paeoniae Alba | Kong, Ming; Liu, Huan-Huan; Wu, Jie; Shen, Ming-Qin; Wang, Zhi-Gang; Duan, Su-Min; Zhang, Yan-Bo; Zhu, He; Li, Song-Lin | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | |
| Total glucosides of paeony: A review of its phytochemistry, role in autoimmune diseases, and mechanisms of action | Jiang, Huajuan; Li, Jie; Wang, Lin; Wang, Shengju; Nie, Xin; Chen, Yi; Fu, Qiang; Jiang, Maoyuan; Fu, Chaomei; He, Yao | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | |
| Anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Penyanling on pelvic inflammatory disease | Zou, Wei; Gong, Linna; Zhou, Fenghua; Long, Yao; Li, Zhen; Xiao, Zuoqi; Ouyang, Bo; Liu, Menghua | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | |
| Studies on the potential link between antidepressant effect of Xiaoyao San and its pharmacological activity of hepatoprotection based on multi-platform metabolomics | Chen, Congcong; Yin, Qicai; Tian, Junshen; Gao, Xiaoxia; Qin, Xuemei; Du, Guanhua; Zhou, Yuzhi | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAY 10 2021 |
| Active fraction combination from Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LW-AFC) ameliorates corticosterone-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment in mice in vivo | Huang, Yan; Li, Dong; Cheng, Bin; Liu, Gang; Zhang, Yong-Xiang; Zhou, Wen-Xia | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JAN 10 2021 |
| Exploration of the potential mechanism of the Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction for the treatment of postpartum blood stasis based on network pharmacology and in vivo experimental verification | Xia, Wenwen; Hu, Shoushan; Wang, Mengmeng; Xu, Fan; Han, Lan; Peng, Daiyin | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAR 25 2021 |
| Antidepressant-like effect of the ethanolic extract from Suanzaorenhehuan Formula in mice models of depression | Liu, Jingshu; Qiao, Wei; Yang, Yi; Ren, Liyan; Sun, Yan; Wang, Shaoxun | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAY 7 2012 |
| Metabolomics study on the anti-depression effect of xiaoyaosan on rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress | Dai, Yuntao; Li, Zhenyu; Xue, Liming; Dou, Chunyan; Zhou, Yuzhi; Zhang, Lizeng; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAR 24 2010 |
| Plasma metabolomics of depressed patients and treatment with Xiaoyaosan based on mass spectrometry technique | Liu, Xiaojie; Liu, Caichun; Tian, Junsheng; Gao, Xiaoxia; Li, Ke; Du, Guanhua; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JAN 10 2020 |
| The antithrombotic effect of RSNK in blood-stasis model rats | Dang, Xuan; Miao, Jing-jing; Chen, An-qi; Li, Peng; Chen, Lin; Liang, Jin-ru; Xie, Ren-ming; Zhao, Ye | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | SEP 15 2015 |
| Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two different combinations of Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction in rats: Competing mechanisms between paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetinic acid | Xu, Chang-Hua; Wang, Ping; Wang, Yang; Yang, Yan; Li, Dong-Hua; Li, Hui-Fen; Sun, Su-Qin; Wu, Xian-Zhong | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | SEP 2013 |
| Brain metabonomics study of the antidepressant-like effect of Xiaoyaosan on the CUMS-depression rats by H-1 NMR analysis | Liu, Xiaojie; Zheng, Xingyu; Du, Guanhua; Li, Zhenyu; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAY 10 2019 |
| Zhen-wu-tang ameliorates adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats: regulation of the canonical Wnt4/beta-catenin signaling in the kidneys | La, Lei; Wang, Lili; Qin, Fei; Jiang, Jian; He, Songqi; Wang, Chunxia; Li, Yuhao | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JUN 12 2018 |
| Pharmacological evaluation of insulin mimetic novel suppressors of PEPCK gene transcription from Paeoniae Rubra Radix | Juan, Yi-Chen; Chang, Chia-Chuan; Tsai, Wei-Jern; Lin, Yun-Lian; Hsu, Yi-Shin; Liu, Hui-Kang | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | SEP 1 2011 |
| Paeoniflorin, a potent natural compound, protects PC12 cells from MPP+ and acidic damage via autophagic pathway | Cao, Bi-Yin; Yang, Ya-Ping; Luo, Wei-Feng; Mao, Cheng-Jie; Han, Rong; Sun, Xue; Cheng, Jing; Liu, Chun-Feng | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | AUG 19 2010 |
| Food- and gender-dependent pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin after oral administration with Samul-tang in rats | Hwang, Youn-Hwan; Kim, Taesoo; Cho, Won-Kyung; Jang, Doorye; Ha, Jung-Ho; Ma, Jin Yeul | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | FEB 10 2020 |
| Ba-Wei-Die-Huang-Wan (Hachimi-jio-gan) can ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced ongoing bladder overactivity and acidic adenosine triphosphate solution-induced hyperactivity on rats prestimulated bladder | Lee, Wei-Chia; Wu, Chia-Ching; Chuang, Yao-Chi; Tain, You-Lin; Chiang, Po-Hui | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAR 15 2016 |
| The traditional herbal medicine, Ge-Gen-Tang, inhibits pacemaker potentials by nitric oxide/cGMP dependent ATP-sensitive K+ channels in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal from mouse small intestine | Lee, Soojin; Gim, Huijin; Shim, Ji Hwan; Kim, Hyun Jung; Lee, Jong Rok; Kim, Sang Chan; Kwon, Young Kyu; Ha, Ki-Tae; So, Insuk; Kim, Byung Joo | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAY 2017 |
| Antispasmodic effect of shakuyakukanzoto extract on experimental muscle cramps in vivo: Role of the active constituents of Glycyrrhizae radix | Lee, Keiko K.; Omiya, Yuji; Yuzurihara, Mitsutoshi; Kase, Yoshio; Kobayashi, Hiroyuki | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | OCT 26 2015 |
| Facilitating effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve transection | Kim, Ki-Joong; Namgung, Uk | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAR 1 2018 |
| Network pharmacology strategy for revealing the pharmacological mechanism of pharmacokinetic target components of San-Ye-Tang-Zhi-Qing formula for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus | Liu, Wei; Chen, Xuanhao; Ge, Yuanyuan; Wang, Huilin; Phosat, Charupan; Li, Jin; Mao, Hao-ping; Gao, Xiu-mei; Chang, Yan-xu | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | OCT 5 2020 |
| Deciphering the compatibility rules of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions based on NMR metabolomics: A case study of Xiaoyaosan | Liu, Xiaojie; Lv, Meng; Wang, Yaze; Zhao, Di; Zhao, Sijun; Li, Shunyong; Qin, Xuemei | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAY 23 2020 |
| Genus Paeonia : A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, clinical application, and toxicology | Li, Pei; Shen, Jie; Wang, Zhiqiang; Liu, Shuangshuang; Liu, Qing; Li, Yue; He, Chunnian; Xiao, Peigen | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | APR 6 2021 |
| Anti-influenza virus phytochemicals from Radix Paeoniae Alba and characterization of their neuraminidase inhibitory activities | Zhang, Tianbo; Lo, Chun-Yeung; Xiao, Mengjie; Cheng, Ling; Mok, Chris Ka Pun; Shaw, Pang-Chui | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | MAY 10 2020 |
| Medicinal ethnobotany research on Paeonia sect.Moutan through textual evidence | Long Zhengli; Yang Lixin; Yang Rong; Lang Bayi; Wang Juan | Guihaia | 2021 |
| Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of important medicinal plant species in genus Paeonia based on rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL DNA barcode sequences | Kim, W. J.; Ji, Y.; Choi, G.; Kang, Y. M.; Yang, S.; Moon, B. C. | GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH | 2016 |
| WIDE-SCALE POLLEN BANKING OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS THROUGH CRYOPRESERVATION | Xu, Jin; Li, Ling; Liu, Qian; Shi, Yin; Peng, Jingen; Jia, Mengxue; Liu, Yan | CRYOLETTERS | JUL-AUG 2014 |
| Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected Chinese medicinal plants and their relation with antioxidant content | Ravipati, Anjaneya S.; Zhang, Lin; Koyyalamudi, Sundar Rao; Jeong, Sang Chul; Reddy, Narsimha; Bartlett, John; Smith, Paul T.; Shanmugam, Kirubakaran; Muench, Gerald; Wu, Ming Jie; Satyanarayanan, Manavalan; Vysetti, Balaram | BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | OCT 6 2012 |
| Multi-element Characteristics of Chinese Medical Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) and Their Decoctions | Xue, Xuan; Liu, Guijian; Wei, Yong; Fu, Biao; Li, Feng; Wu, Delin; Zhang, Wei | BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH | |
| COLLECTIVE EFFECT OF A CHINESE FORMULA - A STUDY OF XIAO-JIAN-ZHONG-TANG | WANG, WK; HSU, TL; HUANG, ZY; WANG, YYL | AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE | 1995 |
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