《中国植物志》|| 伞形科 UMBELLIFERAE ||当归属 Angelica L. ||白芷 Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.

13．白芷（神农本草经）兴安白芷（中国高等植物图鉴）、河北独活（北京植物志）、大活、香大活、走马芹、走马芹筒子（东北）、狼山芹（黑龙江）
Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 187. 1875; Kitagawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 7: 311. 1935; 东北植物检索表248. 图78-4. 1959; 北京植物志 (中册) 700. 图621. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 1089. 图3908. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 262. 图108. 1977; Yuan et Shan in Bull. Nanjing Bot. Gard. Mem. Sun Yat-Sen 1983: 8. ——Callisace dahurica Fisch. ex Hoffm., Gen. Umbell. ed. 2. 170. f. 18. 1816. ——Angelica tschiliensis Wolff in Act. Hort. Gothoburg. 2: 319. 1926; 北京植物志 (中册) 700. 1964, as syn.——Angelica macrocarpa Wolff in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 111. 1930, syn. nov.——Angelica porphyrocaulis Nakai et Kitagawa, Plantae Novae Jeholensis 1: 33. t. 10. 1934; Hiroe, Umbell. Asia 1: 170. 1958, as syn.; 北京植物志 (中册) 700: 1964; 东北植物检索表250. 图79-2. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 1091. 图3912. 1972.
多年生高大草本，高1-2.5米。根圆柱形，有分枝，径3-5厘米，外表皮黄褐色至褐色，有浓烈气味。茎基部径2-5厘米，有时可达7-8厘米，通常带紫色，中空，有纵长沟纹。基生叶一回羽状分裂，有长柄，叶柄下部有管状抱茎边缘膜质的叶鞘；茎上部叶二至三回羽状分裂，叶片轮廓为卵形至三角形，长15-30厘米，宽10-25厘米，叶柄长至15厘米，下部为囊状膨大的膜质叶鞘，无毛或稀有毛，常带紫色；末回裂片长圆形，卵形或线状披针形，多无柄，长2.5-7厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，急尖，边缘有不规则的白色软骨质粗锯齿，具短尖头，基部两侧常不等大，沿叶轴下延成翅状；花序下方的叶简化成无叶的、显著膨大的囊状叶鞘，外面无毛。复伞形花序顶生或侧生，直径10-30厘米，花序梗长5-20厘米，花序梗、伞辐和花柄均有短糙毛；伞辐18-40，中央主伞有时伞辐多至70；总苞片通常缺或有1-2，成长卵形膨大的鞘；小总苞片5-10余，线状披针形，膜质，花白色；无萼齿；花瓣倒卵形，顶端内曲成凹头状；子房无毛或有短毛；花柱比短圆锥状的花柱基长2倍。果实长圆形至卵圆形，黄棕色，有时带紫色，长4-7毫米，宽4-6毫米，无毛，背棱扁，厚而钝圆，近海绵质，远较棱槽为宽，侧棱翅状，较果体狭；棱槽中有油管1，合生面油管2。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
产我国东北及华北地区。常生长于林下，林缘，溪旁、灌丛及山谷草地。
目前国内北方各省多栽培供药用。
根在东北各省有些地区称“大活”或“独活”入药，能发表、祛风除湿，用于治疗伤风头痛，风湿性关节疼痛及腰脚酸痛等症。根的水煎剂有杀虫、灭菌作用，对防治菜青虫、大豆蚜虫、小麦杆锈病等有一定效果。嫩茎剥皮后可供食用。

《Flora of China》|| Apiaceae || Angelica ||白芷 Angelica dahurica

45. Angelica dahurica (Fischer ex Hoffmann) Bentham & J. D. Hooker ex Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 187. 1875.

白芷 bai zhi

Plants perennial 1–2.5 m, stout. Root cylindric, brown, 3–5 cm thick, strongly aromatic. Stem purplish green, 2–5(–7–8) cm thick, ribbed, pubescent above. Basal and lower leaves long-petiolate, sheaths oblong-inflated, glabrous; blade triangular-ovate, 30–50 × 25–40 cm, 2–3-ternate-pinnate; leaflets sessile, oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 4–10 × 1–4 cm, base slightly decurrent, margin white-cartilaginous and coarse-cuspidate-serrate, apex acute, pubescent along nerves adaxially. Upper leaves reduced, sheaths saccate-inflated, bladeless. Umbels 10–30 cm across; peduncles 5–20 cm, scabrous; bracts absent or 1–2, like uppermost leaves; rays 18–40(–70), short-hairy; bracteoles many, linear-lanceolate, scarious; pedicels many, scabrous. Calyx teeth obsolete. Petals white, obovate and notched. Ovary glabrous or pubescent. Fruit suborbicular, 4–7 × 4–6 mm; dorsal ribs prominent, obtusely thick-rounded, much wider than furrows, lateral ribs broad-winged; vittae 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.

Forest margins, valley grasslands, streamsides; 500–1000 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, N Taiwan [Japan, Korea, Russia (Siberia)].

This species is widely cultivated in N China, where the roots are used as the important traditional Chinese medicine “bai zhi” and as a substitute, known as “dong bei da huo,” for the traditional Chinese medicine “du huo” (see Angelica biserrata). Two cultivars are common: A. dahurica ‘Hangbaizhi’ and A. dahurica ‘Qibaizhi.’