KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Magnoliopsida || ORDER:Fabales || FAMILY:豆科 Fabaceae || GENUS: 苜蓿属 Medicago
《中国植物志》|| 豆科 LEGUMINOSAE ||紫苜蓿组 Sect. Medicago ||紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa L.
7. 紫苜蓿（重要牧草栽培）苜蓿（植物名实图考）图版83: 5-9
Medicago sativa Linn. Sp. Pl. 778. 1753; DC. Prodr. 2: 173. 1825; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 535. 1842; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 2: 94. 1872; 中国主要植物图说・豆科192. 1955; Tutin in Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 2: 154. 1968; Davis in Davis (ed.) Fl. Turkey 3: 488. 1970; Ali in Nasir et Ali, Fl. W Pakistan 100: 305. 1977; Gunn et al. Techn. Bull. No. 1574. Agr. Res. Serv. U. S. 1978; 西藏植物志2: 737. 1985.——M. asiatica Sinsk. subps. sinensis Sinsk. Fl. Cult. Pl. URSS. 13 (1): 82. 1950. ——M. beipinensis Vass. Bot. Mat. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 13: 141. 1950. ——M. tibetana (Alef.) Vass. 0p. cit. 141. 1950.——M. afghanica (Bord.) Vass. in Бот. Журн. 31 (3): 29. 1946.
多年生草本，高30-100厘米。根粗壮，深入土层，根颈发达。茎直立、丛生以至平卧，四棱形，无毛或微被柔毛，枝叶茂盛。羽状三出复叶；托叶大，卵状披针形，先端锐尖，基部全缘或具1-2齿裂，脉纹清晰；叶柄比小叶短；小叶长卵形、倒长卵形至线状卵形，等大，或顶生小叶稍大，长 (5) 10-25 (-40) 毫米，宽3-10毫米，纸质，先端钝圆，具由中脉伸出的长齿尖，基部狭窄，楔形，边缘三分之一以上具锯齿，上面无毛，深绿色，下面被贴伏柔毛，侧脉8-10对，与中脉成锐角，在近叶边处略有分叉；顶生小叶柄比侧生小叶柄略长。花序总状或头状，长1-2.5厘米，具花5-30朵；总花梗挺直，比叶长；苞片线状锥形，比花梗长或等长；花长6-12毫米；花梗短，长约2毫米；萼钟形，长3-5毫米，萼齿线状锥形，比萼筒长，被贴伏柔毛；花冠各色：淡黄、深蓝至暗紫色，花瓣均具长瓣柄，旗瓣长圆形，先端微凹，明显较翼瓣和龙骨瓣长，翼瓣较龙骨瓣稍长；子房线形，具柔毛，花柱短阔，上端细尖，柱头点状，胚珠多数。荚果螺旋状紧卷2-4 (-6) 圈，中央无孔或近无孔，径5-9毫米，被柔毛或渐脱落，脉纹细，不清晰，熟时棕色；有种子10-20粒。种子卵形，长1-2.5毫米，平滑，黄色或棕色。花期5-7月，果期6-8月。
全国各地都有栽培或呈半野生状态。生于田边、路旁、旷野、草原、河岸及沟谷等地。欧亚大陆和世界各国广泛种植为饲料与牧草。
本种性状因栽培类型与生境不同，差别较大。
| Chinese name | Vernacular name | Plant | Ethnic group | Use | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 紫花苜蓿 | 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa L. | Mongolian medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《蒙植药志》 | |
| 紫花苜蓿 | 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa L. | Tibetan medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《藏本草》 |
| Plant name | Local name | Family | Life form | Part used | Folk use | Voucher | Locality | Ethnic group | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medicago sativa L. | de bi | Fabaceae | Herb | Whole plant | 饲料：牦牛饲料（全株）。 | QTP-EBT-0101 | Douyu (Lhünzê) | Lhoba | Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon |
| Title | Authors | Journal | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Root distribution features of typical herb plants for slope protection and their effects on soil shear strength | Li Jianxing; He Binghui; Chen Yun; Huang Ru; Tao Jun; Tian Taiqiang | Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering | 2013 |
| Soil inorganic nitrogen composition and plant functional type determine forage crops nitrogen uptake preference in the temperate cultivated grassland, Inner Mongolia | Xu, Lijun; Cheng, Shulan; Fang, Huajun; Xin, Xiaoping; Xu, Xingliang; Tang, Huajun | SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION | SEP 3 2019 |
| Soil water depletion depth by planted vegetation on the Loess Plateau | Wang ZhiQiang; Liu BaoYuan; Liu Gang; Zhang YongXuan | SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES | JUN 2009 |
| Comparison of productivity and feed value of different forage plants in the semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau, China | Huang Ze; Cui Zeng; Liu Yifan; Liu Yu; Wu Gaolin | Pratacultural Science | 2020 |
| Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Medicago sativa: A review | Bora, Kundan Singh; Sharma, Anupam | PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY | AUG 9 2014 |
| Cloning, characterization and expression of chalcone synthase from medicinal plant Rhus chinensis | Ma, Wenli; Wu, Yang; Wu, Min; Ren, Zhumei; Zhong, Yang | JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY | |
| Effects of Planting Wheat and Forage Grass on Farmland Soil Erosion in Qinwangchuan Irrigated Regions of Northwest China | Li Ang; Wu Yingzhen; Ye Helin; Zhang Ming; Chen Wei; Ge Chenxuan | Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment | 2018 |
| [Effect of Cr(VI) stress on growth of three herbaceous plants and their Cr uptake]. | Wang, Ai-Yun; Huang, Shan-Shan; Zhong, Guo-Feng; Xu, Gang-Biao; Liu, Zhi-Xiang; Shen, Xiang-Bao | Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue | 2012-Jun |
| Effects of nitrogen and maize plant density on forage yield and nitrogen uptake in an alfalfa-silage maize relay intercropping system in the North China Plain | Xu, Ruixuan; Zhao, Haiming; Liu, Guibo; You, Yongliang; Ma, Lei; Liu, Nan; Zhang, Yingjun | FIELD CROPS RESEARCH | |
| Treatment and Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils Using Selective Ornamental Plants | Liu, Rui; Jadeja, Rajendrasinh N.; Zhou, Qixing; Liu, Zhe | ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE | SEP 2016 |
| Efficiency of five ornamental plant species in the phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil | Xiao, Nan; Liu, Rui; Jin, Caixia; Dai, Yuanyuan | ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING | FEB 2015 |
| Quantitative analysis of soil anti-shearing strength enhancement by the root systems of herb plants | ZHAO LiBing; ZHANG BaoGui; SU ZhiZhu | Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture | 2008 |
| Phytoremediation of Three Herbaceous Plants to Remove Metals from Urban Runoff | Liu, Hongwei; Wang, He; Gao, Weifeng; Liang, Hong; Gao, Dawen | BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY | AUG 2019 |
| Isolation of beta-sitosterol from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. | Piyatida, P.; Kimura, F.; Sato, M.; Kato-Noguchi, H. | ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL | OCT 2013 |
| Study on Drought Resistance of Ten Herbaceous Plants under PEG-6000 Simulated Drought Stress | Wang Yanan; Zhao Siming; Cao Bing | Acta Agrestia Sinica | 2020 |
| Benefit Analysis of Three Forage Crops Planting Patterns in Shanxi Province | Ou Xiang; Yu Zhu; Xu Qingfang; Yang Guoyi; Gao Xinzhong; Xiong Yi; Ma Lingyi; Liang Qi; Shi Yue; Li Jinli | Acta Agrestia Sinica | 2018 |
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