《中国植物志》|| 灯心草科 JUNCACEAE ||三蕊组 Sect. Effusi (V. Krecz. et Gontsch.) K. F. Wu ||灯心草 Juncus effusus L.

4.灯心草（本草纲目）图版35: 5-8
Juncus effusus Linn. Sp. Pl. 326. 1753; Buchen. in Bot. Jahrb. 12: 228. 1890 et in Engl., Pflanzenr. 25 (N. 36) : 135. 1906; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 392. 1894; N. E. Brown in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 163. 1903; V. Krecz. et Gontsch. in Kom. Fl. URSS. 3: 548. 1935; G. Sam. in Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1229. 1936; Satake in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 2: 162. 1971; 秦岭植物志1 (1) : 304. 图276. 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴 5: 409. 图7647. 1976; S. Snogerup in Tutin, Fl. Europ. 5: 105. 1980.
多年生草本，高27-91厘米，有时更高；根状茎粗壮横走，具黄褐色稍粗的须根。茎丛生，直立，圆柱型，淡绿色，具纵条纹，直径（1-）1.5-3（-4）毫米，茎内充满白色的髓心。叶全部为低出叶，呈鞘状或鳞片状，包围在茎的基部，长1-22厘米，基部红褐至黑褐色；叶片退化为刺芒状。聚伞花序假侧生，含多花，排列紧密或疏散；总苞片圆柱形，生于顶端，似茎的延伸，直立，长5-28厘米，顶端尖锐；小苞片2枚，宽卵形，膜质，顶端尖；花淡绿色；花被片线状披针形，长2-12.7毫米，宽约0.8毫米，顶端锐尖，背脊增厚突出，黄绿色，边缘膜质，外轮者稍长于内轮；雄蕊3枚（偶有6枚），长约为花被片的2/3；花药长圆形，黄色，长约0.7毫米，稍短于花丝；雌蕊具3室子房；花柱极短；柱头3分叉，长约1毫米。蒴果长圆形或卵形，长约2.8毫米，顶端钝或微凹，黄褐色。种子卵状长圆形，长0.5-0.6毫米，黄褐色。染色体：2n=40，42。花期4-7月，果期6-9月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。生于海拔1650-3400米的河边、池旁、水沟，稻田旁、草地及沼泽湿处。全世界温暖地区均有分布。
茎内白色髓心除供点灯和烛心用外，入药有利尿、清凉、镇静作用；茎皮纤维可作编织和造纸原料。
Fr. Buchenau (1890)曾将果实顶端钝的定为J. effusus Linn. var. decipiens Buchen.根据国产植物标本果实顶端变化的情况，以不区分为宜。

《云南植物志》|| 灯心草科 Juncaceae ||灯心草属 Juncus Linn. ||灯心草 Juncus effusus Linn.

1.灯心草（通称）图版109: 8—14
水中心（西藏中草药），铁灯草、杂达鞠（藏语），灯心蒿、虎须草、碧玉草（江西）
Juncus effusus Linn. (1753); N. E. Brown (1903); Buchen. in Engl. (1906); G. Sam. in Hand.-Mazz. (1936); 西藏植物志 (1987)*; 浙江植物志 (1993); K. F. Wu (1994); 中国植物志 (1997)*.
多年生丛生草本。株高40—100厘米。茎直立，具纵条纹，质软，内部充满乳白色的髓。低出叶鞘状，红褐色或黑褐色，长达15厘米；叶片退化为刺芒状。花序聚伞状，假侧生，其下苞片似茎之延伸，长达20厘米。花灰黄色，长2—2.5毫米；花被片6，窄披针形，外轮略长，端尖，边缘膜质；雄蕊3，长为花被片的2/3，花药略短于花丝；雌蕊具短花柱，柱头三叉状。蒴果卵圆形，与花被片近等长，顶端钝尖，具3个完整的隔膜。种子黄褐色，卵状长圆形，长约0.5毫米。花果期7—10月。
产昆明、景东、元江、屏边、广南、西畴、麻栗坡、临沧、盈江、剑川、维西、中甸；生于海拔1200—3400米的沼泽地。吉林、辽宁、陕西、山西、湖北、湖南、江西、广西、广东、四川、贵州、西藏也有。
茎秆可作编织原料。其髓称灯心草，可作灯心，也可入药，其性微寒甘淡，具有退热利尿、清心安神之功效。

《Flora of North America》|| Juncaceae || Juncus || Juncus effusus

7. Juncus effusus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753.

Soft rush

Juncus conglomeratus Linnaeus; J. effusus var. brunneus Engelmann; J. effusus var. caeruleomontanus H. St. John; J. effusus var. conglomeratus (Linnaeus) Engelmann; J. effusus var. costulatus Fernald; J. effusus var. dicipiens Buchenau; J. effusus var. exiguus Fernald & Wiegand; J. effusus var. gracilis Hooker, J. effusus var. pacificus Fernald & Wiegand; J. effusus var. pylaei (Laharpe) Fernald & Wiegand; J. effusus var. solutus Fernald & Wiegand; J. effusus var. subglomeratus Lamarck & de Candolle; J. griscomii Fernald, J. pylaei Laharpe

Herbs, perennial, 4--13 dm. Rhizomes short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps. Culms erect, terete, 1--2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths. Cataphylls several. Leaves: blade absent. Inflorescences lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered; primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium. Flowers: tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9--3.5 mm; inner slightly shorter; stamens 3, filaments 0.5--0.8 mm, anthers 0.5--0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. Capsules greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5--3.2 mm. Seeds amber, (0.3--)0.4---0.5 mm. 2n = 40, 42.

Flowering summer, fruiting summer--fall. Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals; Habitat??; 0--2500 m; B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.

The Juncus effusus complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American J. effusus complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Fernald, M. L. and K. M. Wiegand. 1910. The North American variation of Juncus effusus. Rhodora 12: 81--93. Hämet-Ahti, L. 1980. The Juncus effusus aggregate in eastern North America. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 17: 183--191.

《Flora of China》|| Juncaceae || Juncus ||灯心草 Juncus effusus

3. Juncus effusus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753.

灯心草 deng xin cao

Plants perennial, densely tufted. Rhizome shortly creeping, thick. Stems terete, 25--90 cm or taller × 1--3(--4) mm, striate; pith continuous. Cataphylls closely embracing stem, reddish brown to chestnut brown, sheathlike, 2--22 cm. Inflorescences pseudolateral, densely to laxly many flowered; involucral bract erect, seemingly a continuation of stem, terete, 5--28 cm. Perianth segments usually pale brown, linear-lanceolate, 2--2.7 × ca. 0.8 mm, unequal with outer ones slightly longer than inner, apex acute. Stamens 3(or 6), ca. 2/3 as long as perianth; anthers 0.5--0.7 mm, slightly shorter than filaments. Ovary 3-loculed. Style very short. Capsule ovoid to oblong, slightly depressed or not, subequaling or slightly longer than perianth, 3-septate, apex obtuse. Seeds ovoid-oblong, 0.5--0.6 mm, reticulate. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. May--Sep. 2 n = 40, 42.

Forest margins, wet grasslands, pools, morasses, lake margins, river banks, fields, rice fields; 200--3400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; widespread in temperate and montane-tropical regions].

The pith is used as a wick for oil lamps and candles, and also medicinally as a diuretic and tranquilizer.