《中国植物志》|| 姜科 ZINGIBERACEAE ||姜花族 HEDYCHIEAE O. G. PETERS. ||姜黄属 Curcuma L.

9. 姜黄属——Curcuma L.
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 2. 1753; Roxb. , Asiat. Res. 11: 518. 1810; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: 643. 1883; K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 20 (IV. 46): 99. 1904; Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 15a: 575. 1930; McVaugh in Taxon 23: 823. 1974.
多年生草本，有肉质、芳香的根茎，有时根末端膨大呈块状；地上茎极短或缺。叶大型，通常基生，叶片阔披针形至长圆形，稀为狭线形。穗状花序具密集的苞片，呈球果状，生于由根茎或叶鞘抽出的花葶上，先叶或与叶同出；苞片大，宿存，内凹，基部彼此连生呈囊状，内贮粘液，每一苞片内有花2-多朵，排成蝎尾状聚伞花序，花次第开放，上部的苞片内常无花，有颜色，小苞片呈佛焰苞状；花萼管短，圆筒状，顶端具2-3齿，常又一侧开裂；花冠管漏斗状，裂片卵形或长圆形，近相等或后方的1枚较长且顶端具小尖头；侧生退化雄蕊花瓣状，基部与短宽的花丝合生；唇瓣较大，圆形或倒卵形，全缘，微凹或顶端2裂，反折，基部与侧生退化雄蕊相连；药室紧贴，基部有距，罕无距，药隔顶端无附属体；花柱丝状，柱头超出于花药室之上，漏斗形或具2裂片，有缘毛；腺体2枚，披针形，近肉质，围绕花柱的基部；子房3室，胚珠多数。蒴果球形，藏于苞片内，3瓣裂，果皮膜质；种子小，有假种皮。
模式种：姜黄 C. longa L.
约50余种，主产地为东南亚；澳大利亚北部亦有分布。我国约有4种，产东南部至西南部。此外，近年来还在我国台湾、广西等地发现有 C. caesia Roxb.、C. elata Roxb. 及 C. viridiflora Roxb. 等种，惟因本志已排版就绪，未及收载。
国产本属植物的根茎及膨大的块根大都可供药用。根茎为中药材“姜黄”或“莪术”的商品来源，块根则为“郁金”的来源。

《云南植物志》|| 姜科 Zingiberaceae ||姜科 Zingiberaceae ||姜黄属 Curcuma L.

10.姜黄属 Curcuma L.
多年生草本，具肉质、芳香的块茎；根末端有时膨大成块状。叶基生，叶片大，阔披针形或长圆形，稀线形。穗状花序椭圆形或长圆形，从叶鞘中抽出，或直接从根茎抽出，先叶或与叶同出；苞片宿存，边缘彼此与花序轴不同程度的合生而成密集的蜂窝状，每苞片具2至多朵花，排成蝎尾状聚伞花序，花次第开放，顶端常为具色的不育苞片；小苞片佛焰苞状；花萼管状，短，先端具2—3齿，一侧开裂；花冠管漏斗状，裂片近相等；侧生退化雄蕊花瓣状，基部与花丝合生；花药基部具距，罕无距，顶端无药隔附属体；子房三室，胚珠多数，花柱线形，柱头漏斗状，具睫毛；上位腺体2枚，披针形，近肉质。蒴果球形，果皮膜质，3瓣裂；种子具假种皮。
约60种，主产东南亚，澳大利亚也有分布；我国有15种，产东南部至西南部；云南有11种，产东南部至西部。

《Flora of China》|| Zingiberaceae || ||姜黄属 Curcuma

11. Curcuma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753.
[nom. cons.]

姜黄属 jiang huang shu

Rhizomes branched, fleshy, aromatic, often with tuber-bearing roots. Leaves basal; leaf blade broadly lanceolate or oblong, rarely narrowly linear. Inflorescence a terminal spike on pseudostems or on separate shoots arising from rhizomes, sometimes appearing before leaves; peduncle erect; bracts connate for ca. 1/2 their length and forming pouches, spreading at free ends, each subtending a cincinnus of 2--7 flowers, apical bracts often differently colored, large, sterile, forming a coma; bracteoles free to base. Calyx usually shortly tubular, split on 1 side, apex 2- or 3-lobed or -toothed. Corolla funnelform; lobes ovate or oblong, subequal or central lobe longer, apex mucronate. Lateral staminodes petaloid, basally adnate to filament and labellum. Labellum with a thickened, central portion and thinner, lateral lobes overlapping with lateral staminodes. Filament short, broad; anther versatile, base usually spurred; connective appendage absent. Ovary 3-loculed. Capsule ellipsoid, 3-valved, dehiscent.

About 50 species: SE Asia, one species in Australia; 12 species (six endemic, one introduced) in China.

《Flora of North America》|| Zingiberaceae || || Curcuma

2. Curcuma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 3, 1754.

Hidden-lily [the name in some East Indian language]

Pseudostems absent. Inflorescences from rhizome branch without basal leaves [projecting among basal leaves], dense, cylindric; bracts of main axis crowded, [2--]4--9 cm, ovate to narrowly ovate or rectangular; cincinni sessile, 2--7-flowered, enclosed in bracts; bracteoles small, inconspicuous, hidden by bracts. Flowers: calyx short-cylindric, minutely 2--3-toothed, split down one side; corolla tube funnelform, lobes ovate or oblong; filament rectangular, plane; anther enclosed in corolla, base spurred, terminal appendage sometimes present, lingulate; lateral staminodes large, petal-like, lip concave, rounded or 2-fid. Fruits capsule, ellipsoid. x = 11, 21.

Species ca. 50 (1 in the flora): introduced; North America; native, s Asia, Australia.