《中国植物志》|| 禾本科 GRAMINEAE ||马唐组 Sect. Digitaria ||马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis (L. ) Scop.

22．马唐（名医别录）图版103：7-9
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 52. 1772: Roshev. in Kom. Fl. URSS, 2:29. 1934; Henr. Monogr. Gen. Digitaria 647. 1950; Bor in Webbia 11: 355. 1956; Sultan et Stewart, Grass. W. Pakist. 1:17. 1958;中国主要植物图说 禾本科702. 图649. 1959. P. P; Bor, Grass. Burm. Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 304. 1960. et in tech. f. Fl. Iran. 70:491. 1970;台湾的禾草519. pl. 154. 1975;江苏植物志 (上册): 224. 1977, 一部分; 台湾植物志5. 546. 1978; clayt. in Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 5:262. 1980: Cope in Nasir, Fl. pakist. 143:231. 1982. ——Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. pl. 1: 57. 1753.——Panicum sanguinale (L.) Lam. Tab. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7:13. 1896.
一年生。秆直立或下部倾斜，膝曲上升，高10-80厘米，直径2-3毫米，无毛或节生柔毛。叶鞘短于节间，无毛或散生疣基柔毛；叶舌长1-3毫米；叶片线状披针形，长5-15厘米，宽4-12毫米，基部圆形，边缘较厚，微粗糙，具柔毛或无毛。总状花序长5-18厘米，4-12枚成指状着生于长1-2厘米的主轴上；穗轴直伸或开展，两侧具宽翼，边缘粗糙；小穗椭圆状披针形，长3-3.5毫米；第一颖小，短三角形，无脉；第二颖具3脉，披针形，长为小穗的1/2左右，脉间及边缘大多具柔毛；第一外稃等长于小穗，具7脉，中脉平滑，两侧的脉间距离较宽，无毛，边脉上具小刺状粗糙，脉间及边缘生柔毛；第二外稃近革质，灰绿色，顶端渐尖，等长于第一外稃；花药长约1毫米。染色体2n=28（Church），36（Avdulov，1931；chop．et Yurts，1977）。花果期6-9月。
产西藏、四川、新疆、陕西、甘肃、山西、河北、河南及安徽等地；生于路旁、田野，是一种优良牧草，但又是危害农田、果园的杂草。广布于两半球的温带和亚热带山地。模式标本采自欧洲。
我国西北、西南高海拔区产有的标本，在第一外稃边脉上部出现小刺状粗糙，但粗糙程度远远不及欧洲产的典型马唐，似可作为该种的一地理亚种，但考虑马唐为一多型种，仍置于同一种中。我国大量标本变化趋向表明热带、亚热带广泛分布的升马D. ciliaris与温带产的马唐D. sanguinalis之间存在着一系列过渡情况。

《Flora of China》|| Poaceae || Digitaria ||马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis

7. Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli, Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 52. 1771.

马唐 ma tang

Panicum sanguinale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753; Paspa-lum sanguinale (Linnaeus) Lamarck.

Annual. Culms erect or decumbent at base, 10–80 cm tall, glabrous or nodes bearded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or sparsely papillose-pilose; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–20 × 0.4–1.2 cm, glabrous or pilose, margins thickened, scabrous; ligule 1–3 mm. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate, axis 1–2 cm; racemes 4–12, stiff, 5–18 cm; spikelets paired, overlapping by about 2/3 their length; rachis winged, midrib triquetrous, margins scabrous. Spikelets elliptic-lanceolate, 3–3.5 mm, acute; lower glume small, ca. 0.2 mm, triangular; upper glume lanceolate, 1/3–1/2 spikelet length, 3-veined, pubescent, subacute; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 7-veined, veins evenly spaced or a broader interspace flanking the midvein, midvein smooth, lateral veins setiform-scabrous especially toward the apex, appressed-pubescent on lateral intervein spaces and margins, rarely also setose; upper lemma greenish gray or light brown, lanceolate, as long as spikelet, apex acuminate. Anthers ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 28, 36.

Fields, roadsides, weedy places. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang [warm-temperate and upland subtropical regions throughout the world].

The scabrous veins of the lower lemma, although a small character requiring a good lens, are the best means of distinguishing this species from Digitaria ciliaris.

This species is a good forage grass.