《中国植物志》|| 天南星科 ARACEAE ||斑龙芋属 Sauromatum Schott ||斑龙芋 Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Kunth

1.斑龙芋 图版38: 1-10
Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Kunth, Enurn. Pl. 3: 281. 1841; Har, Fl. E. Himal. ed. 2: 155. 1971.——Arum venosum Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 315. 1789. ——Arum guttatum Wall. , Pl. As. Rar. 2: 10, t. 115. 1831.——Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) Schott, Melet. 1: 17. 1832; Prodr. 71. 1860; Hook. f, Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 508. 1893; Engl. in DC. , Monogr. Phan. 2: 570. 1879 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23F): 123, fig. 18: A-L. 1920, var. a typicum Engl., l. c. 124.
块径直径3.5厘米，常有多数小球茎。鳞叶多数，从侧芽萌出。叶1，叶柄长20厘米，圆柱形，黄绿色，有紫褐色斑块；叶片轮廓圆心形，鸟足状深裂，裂片9，接近，基部多少相连，无柄，中裂片长圆形，渐尖，长10厘米，宽4.5厘米，侧裂片椭圆形，内侧的长9厘米，宽3.5厘米，向外依次渐小，最外的长2.5厘米，宽1厘米，I级侧脉7-9对，脉距3-5毫米，表面下凹，背面隆起，其间II级侧脉及网脉纤弱，集合脉距边缘2-3毫米。花序柄长7厘米（果期），绿白色，具斑块。佛焰苞管部长5-10厘米，下部略偏肿，上部近圆柱形，粗2-2.5厘米；檐部席卷为圆筒状，铅紫色，直立，基部肿胀，先端细渐尖，展开为长圆状披针形，长30-70厘米，宽8-10厘米，下部边缘不规则的浅波状，上部狭渐尖，下部紫色，中、上部亮绿色，具深紫色斑块，斑块有时汇合，后期佛焰苞反折。肉穗花序约为佛焰苞长的1/3，雌花序长2-2.5厘米，粗1.5厘米；中性花序长8-8.5厘米，下部2-2.5厘米具花，余无花；雄花序长1.5厘米；附属器圆柱形，长达30厘米，粗达1厘米，淡棕色或淡紫色。雌蕊极多数，小，倒卵圆形，顶部近截平，胚珠2。雄花：花丝极短，药室的药隔稍突出；中性花稀疏，柄棒状。果序长圆形，浆果棱柱状，长5毫米，粗1.5-2毫米，具5条隆起的纵肋，柱头盘状下凹。果期7月。
产云南西北部和中部（昆明）、西藏密波，海拔1900-2030米，生于常绿阔叶林下、山坡草地。也分布于尼泊尔、印度、缅甸北部。

《云南植物志》|| 天南星科 Araceae ||斑龙芋属 Sauromatum Schott ||斑龙芋 Sauromatum venosum (Ation) Kunth

1．斑龙芋
Sauromatum venosum (Ation)Kunth (1841), Hara (1971).
Arum venosum Aiton (1789); Arum guttatum Wall. (1831*); Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.)Schott (1832, 1860), Blume (1835)，Engl. (1879, 1920*), Hook. f. (1893).
块茎球形，大，直径可达15厘米，由侧顶抽芽。叶于花后抽出，稀与花序同时出现；叶柄长50厘米，基部粗达2厘米，斑块有或无，叶片轮廓圆心形，鸟足状掌状至鸟足状深裂或全裂，裂片长圆形或长圆状披针形，渐尖，有时长达25厘米，宽15厘米，侧裂片3—7对，向外依次渐小，Ⅰ级侧脉5—6对，相距1-1.5厘米， Ⅱ级侧脉平行，至距边缘2—3毫米连结为集合脉。花芽鳞叶长5—10厘米，三角形，锐尖，基部抱柄，后渐凋萎，比花序柄先出；花序柄长约5厘米，粗2厘米。佛焰苞边缘（变化大）厚；管部长5-10厘米，下部略偏肿，上部近圆柱形，直径2—2.5厘米；檐部卷为圆筒状，铅紫色，基部肿胀，直立上升，细渐尖，展开为长圆状披针形，长30-70厘米，宽8-10厘米，下部边缘不规则的浅波状，上部狭渐尖，从喉部以上反折，下部浅紫色，中上部亮绿色，斑块有角，深紫色，这里或那里汇合为较大的水滴状的润斑，肉穗花序约为佛焰苞长的1/3，雌花序圆柱形，长2—25厘米，粗1.5厘米；中性花棒状，稀疏，布于雌花序之上；雄花序长1.5厘米；附属器圆柱形，长30厘米，粗1毫米，浅棕色或淡紫色。雌蕊小，倒卵圆形，先端几截平，胚珠2。雄蕊花丝短，药隔稍外凸。
产云南西北部及中部（昆明），生长于草地或林下。西藏波密也有。分布于尼泊尔，印度，缅甸。西藏新记录。

《Flora of China》|| Araceae || Sauromatum ||斑龙芋 Sauromatum venosum

7. Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 281. 1841.

斑龙芋 ban long yu

Arum venosum Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 315. 1789; Arisaema venosum (Aiton) Blume; A. guttatum Wallich (1831), not Salisbury (1796); Desmesia venosa (Aiton) Rafinesque; Jaimenostia fernandopoana Guinea & Gómez Moreno; Sauromatum abyssinicum Schott; S. angolense N. E. Brown; S. guttatum Schott; S. guttatum var. pulchrum (Miquel) Engler; S. guttatum var. simlense (Schott) Engler; S. guttatum var. venosum (Aiton) Engler; S. nubicum Schott; S. nubicum var. angolense (N. E. Brown) Engler; S. pulchrum Miquel; S. punctatum K. Koch; S. simlense Schott; Typhonium venosum (Aiton) Hetterscheid & P. C. Boyce.

Tuber depressed globose, to ca. 9 cm high and ca. 15 cm in diam., producing numerous annual offsets, these globose or depressed globose. Petiole yellowish green, with rounded purplish brown spots, 20-100 cm; leaf blade 9-11-pedatifid; central lobe oblong or oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, 10-40 × 4-20 cm, acuminate; lateral leaflets elliptic, gradually smaller toward distal end of rachis. Inflorescence appearing before leaves; peduncle greenish white, with or without a few brown spots, 3-7 cm, sometimes elongating during fruiting. Spathe base outside dull dark violet, inside rich reddish purple, ellipsoid, 5-10 × 2-4 cm; limb convolute at base, ca. 10 cm, distally outside as base but slightly darker and with a few violet longitudinal stripes, inside background color yellowish, almost entirely covered by numerous orbicular to elliptic, confluent dark purple spots, lanceolate, 30-70 × 8-10 cm, apex acuminate. Spadix slightly shorter than or as long as spathe; female zone subcylindric, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 cm; ovary violet or pale purple, obovoid, 2-4-ovuled; sterile zone 8-8.5 cm, proximal 2-2.5 cm sparsely covered with long staminodes, distally grooved and with a few distant conic projections, proximally whitish, distally pale brownish violet; staminodes yellow, clavate, 4-10 mm; male zone 1-2 × 1-1.5 cm; stamens yellow; appendix at first erect, finally recurved, pale brown to pale violet or lead-colored, terete, to 30 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam. at base, obtuse. Fruiting zone globose or subcylindric, naked, to ca. 9 cm in diam.; berries crowded, bright purple, cylindric, 5-10 × 2-4 mm, angulate, apex truncate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul.

Primary evergreen forests, meadows by rivers, secondary thickets, path sides; 1300-2000 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE and NW India, Myanmar, Nepal; Africa].