《中国植物志》|| 唇形科 LABIATAE ||小花系 Ser. Blandae C. Y. Wu ||四方蒿 Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth.

14.四方蒿（云南）铁扫把（云南景东），野苏（云南屏边），四稜蒿（云南龙陵），蔓坝（云南腾冲），鸡肝散（云南红河、建水、屏边），黑头草、四楞蒿（云南思茅），荆芥（云南双江），岩合合罗（云南红河哈尼语），野薄荷（贵州兴义）图版68：1
Elsholtzia blanda Benth. Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 161. 1833; et in DC. Prodr. 12: 160. 1848; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 643. 1885; Coll. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 114. 1890; Craib in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1911: 447. 1911; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 444. 1911; Diels in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 56. 313, 357. 1912-1913; Dunn in ibid. 6: 148, 151. 1915; Doan in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 978. 1936; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 13: 354. 1939; Mukerj. Lab. Ind. 89. 1940; Murata in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 273. 1966; Banerji in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 19: 76. 1966; Murata in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 24(3): 9. 1969; H. Keng in Gard. Bull. Singapore 24: 73. 1969——Perilla elata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 115. 1825, non est Elsholtzia elata Zoll. et Mor. 1845——Aphanochilus blandus Benth. in Wall. Cat. n. 1550. 1828; in Bot. Reg. sub 1282. 1829; et in Wall, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 29. 1830; Hook. in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 58: pl. 3091 1831——Mentha blanda Wall. ex Hook. in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 58: 3091. 1831——Moschosma polystachyum auct. non (Linn.)Benth.; C. Y. Wu in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 8(1): 62. 1959, p. p. quoad pl. Yunnan.
直立草本，高1-1.5米。茎、枝四棱形，具槽，密被短柔毛。叶椭圆形至椭圆状披针形，长3-16厘米，宽0.8-4.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部狭楔形，边缘具锯齿，上面绿色，被微柔毛及腺点，下面灰绿色，除叶脉被平伏毛外余部无毛，侧脉6-8对，与中脉两面明显；叶柄长0.3-1.5厘米，腹凹背凸，密被短柔毛。穗状花序顶生或腋生，近偏向一侧，一般长4-8厘米，最长可达20厘米，由具短梗、7-10花的多数轮伞花序所组成；苞叶除花序下部一对叶状外均呈苞片状，钻形至披针状钻形，长1.5-3毫米，外被短柔毛；花梗长不及1毫米，与总梗、序轴被短柔毛。花萼圆柱形，长2-2.5毫米，外被平伏毛，萼齿5，披针形，后齿较前齿稍长；果时花萼基部略膨大，卵球形。花冠白色，长3-4毫米，外面被平伏毛，内面近无毛，冠筒基部宽1毫米，向上渐宽，至喉部宽达2毫米，冠檐二唇形，上唇直立，先端微缺，下唇开展，3裂，中裂片近圆形，稍内凹，侧裂片半圆形，全缘。雄蕊4，前对较长，伸出，花丝丝状，近无毛，花药卵圆形，2室。花柱超出雄蕊，先端近相等2浅裂。小坚果长圆形，长约0.8毫米，黄褐色，光滑。花期6-10月，果期10-12月。
产云南，广西西部及贵州东南部；生于林中旷处、沟边或路旁，海拔800-2500米。尼泊尔，锡金，不丹，印度北部，缅甸，泰国，老挝，越南北部，印度尼西亚也有。模式标本采自尼泊尔。
茎叶含芳香油0.5-1%，油主要成分为香薷酮，不宜直接用于化妆品工业。但全草入药，治夜盲症、痢疾、感冒、咽喉炎、扁桃腺炎、风火牙痛、龋齿痛、急性胃肠炎、腹痛、创伤出血、火烧伤、腋臭、小儿疳积、急慢性肾盂肾炎等症。

《Flora of China》|| Lamiaceae || Elsholtzia ||四方蒿 Elsholtzia blanda

14. Elsholtzia blanda (Bentham) Bentham, Labiat. Gen. Spec. 162. 1833.

四方蒿 si fang hao

Aphanochilus blandus Bentham, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 29. 1830; Perilla elata D. Don.

Herbs erect, 1-1.5 m tall. Stems and branches densely pubescent. Petiole 3-15 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 3-16 × 0.8-4.5 cm, adaxially puberulent, glandular, abaxially gray-green, glabrous, strigose on veins, base narrowly cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Spikes terminal or axillary, subsecund, 4-8(-20) cm, mostly pubescent; verticillasters 7-10-flowered, short pedunculate; bracts subulate to lanceolate-subulate, 1.5-3 mm. Pedicel less than 1 mm. Calyx cylindric, 2-2.5 mm, strigose outside, teeth lanceolate; fruiting calyx slightly dilated at base, ovoid. Corolla white, 3-4 mm, strigose outside, subglabrous inside, funnelfrom, throat to 2 mm wide; upper lip emarginate; middle lobe of lower lip subcircular, slightly concave; lateral lobes semicircular, margin entire. Anterior stamens exserted, posterior 2 slightly longer. Nutlets yellow-brown, oblong, ca. 0.8 mm, Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.

Open forests, ravines; 800-2500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam]

Used medicinally.