《中国植物志》|| 葫芦科 CUCURBITACEAE ||西瓜属 Citrullus Schrad. ||西瓜 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai

1. 西瓜（日用本草）寒瓜（陶弘景注）
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai in Gat. Sem. Spor. Hort. Bot. Univ. Imp. Tokyo 30: n°854. 1916; B. G. Schubert in Taxon 24 (1): 172. 1975; Keraudren in Aubreville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 106. 1975. ——Momordica lanata Thunb., Prodr. Fl. Gap. 13. 1800. ——Cucurbita citrullus Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1: 1010. 1753, nom. redic.; Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 594. 1790; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 719. 1832. ——Citrullus lanata (Thunb.) Mansf., Kulturpfl. 2: 421. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 361, 图6135. 1975. ——Cucumis citrullus (Linn.) Ser. in DC., Prodr. 3: 301. 1828——Colocynthis citrullus (Linn.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. 1: 256. 1891; Chakr. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 114. 1959.——Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Kckl. et Zeyh., Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. 2: 279. 1836; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 621. 1879; Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 508. 1881; Cogn. u. Harms in Engl., Pflanzenr. 88 (IV. 275. 2): 103. 1924; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志188. 1956; 陈焕镛等, 海南植物志 1: 475. 1964. ——C. edulis Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 6: 214. 1838; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bot. 1 (1): 662. 1855.
一年生蔓生藤本；茎、枝粗壮，具明显的棱沟，被长而密的白色或淡黄褐色长柔毛。卷须较粗壮，具短柔毛，2歧，叶柄粗，长3-12厘米，粗0.2-0.4厘米，具不明显的沟纹，密被柔毛；叶片纸质，轮廓三角状卵形，带白绿色，长8-20厘米，宽5-15厘米，两面具短硬毛，脉上和背面较多，3深裂，中裂片较长，倒卵形、长圆状披针形或披针形，顶端急尖或渐尖，裂片又羽状或二重羽状浅裂或深裂，边缘波状或有疏齿，末次裂片通常有少数浅锯齿，先端钝圆，叶片基部心形，有时形成半圆形的弯缺，弯缺宽1-2厘米，深0.5-0.8厘米。雌雄同株。雌、雄花均单生于叶腋。雄花：花梗长3-4厘米，密被黄褐色长柔毛；花萼筒宽钟形，密被长柔毛，花萼裂片狭披针形，与花萼筒近等长，长2-3毫米；花冠淡黄色，径2.5-3厘米，外面带绿色，被长柔毛，裂片卵状长圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽0.5-0.8厘米，顶端钝或稍尖，脉黄褐色，被毛；雄蕊3，近离生，1枚1室，2枚2室，花丝短，药室折曲。雌花：花萼和花冠与雄花同；子房卵形，长0.5-0.8厘米，宽0.4厘米，密被长柔毛，花柱长4-5毫米，柱头3，肾形。果实大型，近于球形或椭圆形，肉质，多汁，果皮光滑，色泽及纹饰各式。种子多数，卵形，黑色、红色，有时为白色、黄色、淡绿色或有斑纹，两面平滑，基部钝圆，通常边缘稍拱起，长1-1.5厘米，宽0.5-0.8厘米，厚1-2毫米，花果期夏季。
我国各地栽培，品种甚多，外果皮、果肉及种子形式多样，以新疆、甘肃兰州、山东德州、江苏溧阳等地最为有名。其原种可能来自非洲，久已广泛栽培于世界热带到温带，金、元时始传入我国。
本种果实为夏季之水果，果肉味甜，能降温去暑；种子含油，可作消遣食品；果皮药用，有清热、利尿、降血压之效。

《云南植物志》|| 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae nom. conserv. ||西瓜属 Citrullus Schrad. nom. conserv. ||西瓜 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum.

1.西瓜（日用本草）图版87，6—9地中海东部
寒瓜（陶弘景）
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai (1916); B. G. Schubert (1975): Keraudren in Aubrèv. et Leroy (1975); Hara et Sutton in Hara et al. (1979); 吴征镒 (1984); 路安民、张志耘 (1986).
Momordica lanata Thunb. (1800); Cucurbita citrullus L. (1753), nom. rejic.; Lour. (1790); Roxb. (1832); Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. (1959); Back. et Bakh. f. (1963); "图鉴" (1975)*; Cucumis citrullus (L.) Ser. in DC. (1828); Colocynthis citrullus (L.) O. Ktze. (1891); Chakrav. (1959); Cit. vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. et Zeyh. (1836); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. (1879); Cogn. in DC. (1881); Cogn. u. Harms in Engl. (1924); Craib (1931); Merr. (1935); Hand. -Mazz. (1936); 广州植物志 (1956); 海南植物志 (1964); 秦岭植物志 (1985)*.
一年生蔓生藤本。茎、枝具纵棱槽，密被白色或淡黄褐色的长柔毛。叶互生，叶片纸质，轮廓三角状卵形，长8—20厘米，宽5—15厘米，常3深裂，中裂片较长，倒卵形、长圆状披针形或披针形，先端急尖或渐尖，侧裂片较少，裂片再羽状或二回羽状浅裂或深裂，末回裂片边缘波状或具疏齿，基部心形，弯缺半圆形，深5—8毫米，宽1—2厘米，上面常白绿色，两面被短硬毛，背面较密，掌状脉，在背面凸起；叶柄长3—12厘米，具沟纹，密被长柔毛；卷须较粗壮，2歧，被短柔毛。花单性，雌雄同株，均单生于叶腋；雄花：花梗长3—4厘米，密被黄褐长柔毛；花萼筒阔钟形，密被长柔毛，5裂，裂片狭披针形，与萼筒等长；花冠淡黄色，外面带绿色，被长柔毛，5裂，裂片卵状长圆形，长10—15毫米，宽5—8毫米，先端钝；雄蕊3，近离生，花丝短，花药1枚1室，2枚2室，药室折曲；雌花：花萼与花冠同雄花；子房倒卵形或卵形，长5—8毫米，径4毫米，密被长柔毛，花柱长4—5毫米，柱头3，肾形。果实球形或椭圆形，肉质多汁，果皮光滑，绿色，有时具斑纹；种子多数，卵形或卵状长圆形，黑色、红色，有时白色、黄色或有斑纹，长约10毫米，宽5—8毫米，厚约2毫米，先端钝，基部圆形，两面平滑。花果期夏季。
我国各地栽培，品种甚多，外果皮、果肉及种子的颜色、形状多样，以新疆、甘肃兰州、山东德州、江苏溧阳等地产者最为有名。其原种可能产自非洲，久已广泛栽培于世界热带至温带，金、元时始传入我国。
西瓜为夏季之佳果，果肉味甜，能降温除暑；种子含油，可食；根、叶、果肉及果皮均可入药，有清热解暑、和中止渴、利小便的功效。

《Flora of China》|| Cucurbitaceae || Citrullus ||西瓜 Citrullus lanatus

1. Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai, Cat. Sem. Spor. Hort. Bot. Univ. Imp. Tokyo. 30: no. 854. 1916.

西瓜 xi gua

Momordica lanata Thunberg, Prodr. Pl. Cap. 13. 1794; Citrullus colocynthis Schrader var. lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai; C. edulis Spach; C. vulgaris Schrader ex Ecklon & Zeyher; Colocynthis citrullus (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Cucumis citrullus (Linnaeus) Seringe; Cucurbita citrullus Linnaeus.

Plants annual. Stem and branches robust, sulcate-angular, villous. Tendrils puberulent, 2-fid. Petiole 3-12 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade white-green, triangulate-ovate, 8-20 × 5-15 cm, both surfaces hispid, 3-partite; segments lobulate, base cordate, sinus semicircular, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers solitary. Male flowers: pedicel 3-4 cm, villous; calyx tube densely villous; segments narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 mm; corolla pale yellow, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; segments ovate-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm; stamens nearly free. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary 5-8 mm, densely villous; stigmas 3, reniform. Fruit globose or oblong, smooth. Seeds numerous, color various, ovate, 1-1.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct.

Commonly cultivated in China [native to S Africa; cultivated in all warmer areas of the world].

The fruit are important "water fruit" in summer; the seeds contain edible oil; the fruit coat is used medicinally.

《Flora of North America》|| Cucurbitaceae || Citrullus || Citrullus lanatus

2. Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai, Index Seminum (Tokyo). 30, no. 854. 1916.
[F I]

Watermelon, sandia Watermelon, sandia

Momordica lanata Thunberg, Prodr. Pl. Cap., 13. 1794

Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora): introduced; Asia, Africa; introduced widely.

Subspecies mucosospermus Fursa comprises wild, semicultivated, and cultivated forms in western Africa, including the egusi melon, which is cultivated primarily for its oil and protein-rich seeds. Both subspecies have the same cpDNA haplotype (F. Dane and P. Lang 2004).

Citrullus lanatus generally has been regarded to include the citron melon, commonly as var. citroides; the latter is treated here as 3. Citrullus caffer.

More than a thousand cultivars of Citrullus lanatus have been developed, ranging greatly in shape and size, from less than a pound to more than 200 pounds, with flesh red, orange, yellow, or greenish. Seedless fruits are from triploid plants produced as hybrids between normal diploids and artificially produced tetraploids. The triploids have sterile pollen and because pollination is required to induce fruit set and enlargement, they must be interplanted with pollenizer diploids.