《中国植物志》|| 百合科 LILIACEAE ||根茎组 Sect. Rhiziridium G. Don ||韭 Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.

25. 韭 图47
Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng. , Syst. Veg. 2: 38. 1825; Stearn in Herbertia 11: 239. 1946; Harold E. Moore in Bailiya 2: 117, 120. 1955; Stearn in Bull. Brit. Mus. Bot. 2 (6): 179. 1960.——A. sulvia Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 53. 1825.——A. uliginosum G. Don, Monogr. All. 60. 1827. non Ledeb. (1829) ——A. tuberosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: 141. 1832.——A. roxburghii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 454. 1843.——A. chinense Maxim., Prim. Pl. Amur. 284. 1859, non G. Don (1827)——A. clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 344. 1892. ——A. argyi Levl. , Nouv. Contrib. Liliac. etc. Chine 16. 1906.——A. yesoense Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 117. 1922.
具倾斜的横生根状茎。鳞茎簇生，近圆柱状；鳞茎外皮暗黄色至黄褐色，破裂成纤维状，呈网状或近网状。叶条形，扁平，实心，比花葶短，宽1.5-8毫米，边缘平滑。花葶圆柱状，常具2纵棱，高25-60厘米，下部被叶鞘；总苞单侧开裂，或2-3裂，宿存；伞形花序半球状或近球状，具多但较稀疏的花；小花梗近等长，比花被片长2-4倍，基部具小苞片，且数枚小花梗的基部又为1枚共同的苞片所包围；花白色；花被片常具绿色或黄绿色的中脉，内轮的矩圆状倒卵形，稀为矩圆状卵形，先端具短尖头或钝圆，长4-7 (-8) 毫米，宽2.1-3.5毫米，外轮的常较窄，矩圆状卵形至矩圆状披针形，先端具短尖头，长4-7(-8)毫米，宽1.8-3毫米；花丝等长，为花被片长度的2/3-4/5，基部合生并与花被片贴生，合生部分高0.5-1毫米，分离部分狭三角形，内轮的稍宽；子房倒圆锥状球形，具3圆稜，外壁具细的疣状突起。花果期7-9月。
全国广泛栽培，亦有野生植株，但北方的为野化植株。原产亚洲东南部。现在世界上已普遍栽培。叶、花葶和花均作蔬菜食用；种子入药。
本种与野韭 A. ramosum L. 极为相似，有时在标本上很难区别。不同处在于野韭的叶为三棱状条形，背面因纵棱隆起而成龙骨状，中空，花被片常具红色中脉，此外叶缘和沿纵棱常具细的糙齿，这一特征也可供参考。至于花被片的长短，花丝的长短以及蒴果裂爿的形态虽有人认为可作分种根据，但据我们的观察它们的性状是不很稳定而交叉的。
在市上供应的韭、中，特别是南部地区，有的叶为中空的近三棱状条形，由于未见到花，其地位尚待进一步研究。

《云南植物志》|| 石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae ||葱属 Allium L. ||韭菜 Allium tuberosum Roettler ex Sprengel

12.韭菜
韭（诗经，名医别录）
Allium tuberosum Roettler ex Sprengel (1825); Stearn (1960), in Hara (1978); 图鉴 (1976)*; 海南植物志 (1977); Kitagawa (1979); 中国植物志 (1980)*; 西藏植物志 (1987)*; 横断山区维管植物 (1994); H. Koba et al. (1994).
A. sulvia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (1825); A. odorum auct. non L. (1767); Hook. f. (1892) et auct pl.; C. H. Wright (1903); Hand.-Mazz. (1936); A. uliginosum G. Don (1827), non. Ledeb. (1829); A. tuberosum Roxb. (1814) nom. nud.; (1832)descr., non Roettl. ex Spreng. (1825); Baker (1874); Hook. f. (1892); A. roxburghii Kunth (1843); A. chinense Maxim. (1859) non G. Don (1827); A. clarkei Hook. f. (1892); A. argyi. Lévl. (1906); A. yesoense Nakai (1922).
植株高30—60厘米，具斜行的根状茎。鳞茎簇生，近圆柱状，外皮黄褐色、暗褐色、破裂成网状或近网状的纤维鞘。叶4—6枚，线形、扁平、实心，短于花葶，长25—45厘米，宽1.5—8毫米，边缘平滑。花葶圆柱状，常具2纵棱，高25—60厘米，下部6—11厘米包藏于叶鞘内；总苞单侧开裂，或2—3裂，宿存；伞形花序半球状或近球状，花多，较稀疏；花梗等长，比花被长，长10—20厘米，基部具小苞片，每数枚花梗又有一共同的苞片；花白色，花被片中脉绿色或黄绿色，内轮的长圆形、卵状长圆形，先端具短尖头或钝圆，长4—7（—8）毫米，宽2.1—3.5毫米，外轮的常较窄，长圆状卵形至长圆披针形，先端具短尖头，长4—7（—8）毫米，宽1.8—3毫米，花丝等长，长3—5毫米，短于花被，基部合生并与花被片贴生，合生部分高0.5—1毫米，分离部分三角形，内轮的稍宽；子房绿色，倒圆锥状球形，具3圆棱，外壁具细的疣状突起。花果期7—9月。
各地广泛栽培，全国及世界各地栽培。原产亚洲东南部。
全株均作蔬菜食用；花序可盐渍作咸菜；种子入药，用于胸痛、胸闷、心绞痛、胁肋刺痛、咳嗽、慢性支气管炎、慢性胃炎、痢疾。

《Flora of China》|| Liliaceae || Allium || Allium tuberosum

32. Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 38. 1825.

韭 jiu

Allium argyi H. Léveillé; A. chinense Maximowicz (1859), not G. Don (1827); A. clarkei J. D. Hooker; A. roxburghii Kunth; A. sulvia Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don; A. tuberosum Roxburgh (1832); A. uliginosum G. Don (1827), not Ledebour (1830); A. yesoense Nakai.

Bulbs clustered, cylindric; tunic dull yellow to yellowish brown, reticulate to subreticulate. Leaves linear, shorter than scape, 1.5--8 mm wide, flat, solid, margin smooth. Scape 25--60 cm, terete, usually 2-angled, covered with leaf sheaths only at base. Spathe 2- or 3-valved, persistent. Umbel hemispheric to subglobose, laxly many flowered. Pedicels subequal, 2--4 × as long as perianth, bracteolate and several covered with a common bract at base. Perianth white; segments usually with green or yellowish green midvein; outer ones oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4--7(--8) × 1.8--3 mm; inner ones oblong-obovate, 4--7(--8) × 2.1--3.5 mm. Filaments narrowly triangular, equal, 2/3--4/5 as long as perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments; inner ones slightly wider than outer at base. Ovary obconical-globose, minutely tuberculate, without concave nectaries at base. Fl. and fr. Jul--Sep. 2 n = 16*, 24*, 32*.

Among shrubs, also widely cultivated as a vegetable; 1000--1100 m. Native in SW Shanxi (Yongji Xian); naturalized S China [tropical Asia].

Allium tuberosum is generally regarded as a cultivated species with a tetraploid chromosome number (2 n = 32), although a wild population was recently discovered in Shanxi Province with a diploid number (2 n = 16; Yang et al., Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 36--46. 1998). This species has leaves solid and perianth segments usually with a green or yellowish green midvein, whereas its close wild relative, A. ramosum, differs in having leaves fistulose and perianth segments with a pale red midvein. One of us (Xu) agrees with Stearn (Herbertia 11: 238. 1946) that the name A. tataricum Linnaeus f. (Suppl. Pl. 196. 1782) should be regarded as a synonym of A. ramosum. On the other hand, Kamelin regards A. tataricum as a synonym of A. tuberosum over which name it would have priority. He bases his opinion on two specimens (LE), labeled as A. tataricum and made from plants cultivated during the 1790s in the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, and on his belief that only A. tuberosum never A. ramosum, has been cultivated. However, Kamelin has observed that these two specimens have fistulose leaves, which suggests that they are A. ramosum, unless this character is not diagnostic for the two species. Xu has not seen the specimens but notes that they could be cultivated A. ramosum because, as noted by Stearn (loc. cit.: 229), A. ramosum was already in cultivation in Europe by 1750. Therefore, A. tataricum is here treated as a synonym of A. ramosum, based on Xu’s opinion. The nomenclature of the two species remains unstable because, although the type of A. tuberosum (B) supports the current application of that name, no type has yet been designated for either A. ramosum or A. tataricum. Further studies are required in order to resolve the classification.

《Flora of North America》|| Liliaceae || Allium || Allium tuberosum

12. Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 38. 1825.

Chinese chive, oriental garlic

Bulbs 1–3, borne on stout, ± horizontal rhizome, elongate, cylindric or conic, 0.5–1.5 × 0.7–2 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, brown, reticulate, cells ± fine-meshed, open, fibrous; inner coats white, cells closely parallel, elongate. Leaves withering from tip by anthesis, 2–5, sheathing scape to ± soil level; blade solid, flat, carinate abaxially, 20–40 cm × 2–6 mm, margins entire. Scape persistent, solitary, erect, terete, 30–50 cm × 1–3 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, loose, 20–50-flowered, hemispheric-globose, bulbils unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 1–3, 3–7-veined, lance-ovate, shorter than pedicel, apex acuminate. Flowers substellate, 4–9 mm; tepals spreading, white with green or brownish midveins, lanceolate to elliptic, ± equal, withering and exposing capsule, margins entire, apex obtuse or acute; stamens included; anthers purple; pollen white; ovary crestless; style linear, ± equaling stamens; stigma capitate, unlobed; pedicel 10–30 mm. Seed coat shining; cells smooth, irregularly shaped, with ± sinuous walls.

Flowering Jul--Aug. Roadsides and other disturbed ground; introduced; Iowa, Nebr., Wis.; se Asia.

Allium tuberosum is cultivated in China, Siberia, and North America, and is reported to be established in New England. It may escape anywhere the species is cultivated.