《中国植物志》|| 龙胆科 GENTIANACEAE ||折皱系 Ser. Rugosae T. N. Ho et S. W. Liu ||二叶獐牙菜 Swertia bifolia Batal.

12.二叶獐牙菜 乌金草（陕西）图版58: 1-4; 6: 4
Swertia bifolia Batal. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 13: 378. 1894; Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 312. 1899; Limpr. in Fedde. Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 469. 1922; K. S. Hao in Bot. Jahrb. 68: 630. 1938; S. Nilsson in Grana Palyn. 7 (1): 111. 1967. ——S. subspeciosa Burk. in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal n. ser. 2: 326. 1906. syn. nov. ——S. heterantha Ling, 北平研究院丛刊4: 337. 1936. syn. nov.
多年生草本，高10-30厘米，具短根茎。须根黑褐色。茎直立，有时带紫红色，近圆形，具条棱，不分枝，基部被黑褐色枯老叶柄。基生叶1-2对，具柄，叶片矩圆形或卵状矩圆形，长1.5-6厘米，宽0.7-3厘米，先端钝或钝圆，基部楔形，渐狭成柄，叶脉3-7条，于下面明显突起，有时3-5条于顶端略联结，叶柄细，扁平，长2.5-4厘米，基部连合；茎中部无叶；最上部叶常2-3对，无柄，苞叶状，卵形或卵状三角形，长7-18毫米，宽4-6毫米，常短于花梗，叶脉1-3条。简单或复聚伞花序具2-8（13）花；花梗直立或斜伸，有时带蓝紫色，不等长，长0.5-5.5厘米；花5数，直径1.5-2厘米，花萼有时带蓝色，长为花冠的1/2-2/3，裂片略不整齐，披针形或卵形，长8-11毫米，先端渐尖，背面有细而明显的3-5脉；花冠蓝色或深蓝色，裂片椭圆状披针形或狭椭圆形，一般长1.5-2厘米，有时长达3厘米，宽0.5-0.8厘米，先端钝，全缘或有时边缘啮蚀形，基部有2个腺窝，腺窝基部囊状，顶端具长3.5-4毫米的柔毛状流苏；花丝线形，长9-11毫米，基部背面具流苏状短毛，花药蓝色，狭矩圆形，长2.5-3毫米；子房无柄，披针形，长6-8毫米，先端渐尖，花柱不明显，柱头小，2裂。蒴果无柄，披针形，与宿存的花冠等长或有时稍长，先端外露；种子多数，褐色，矩圆形，长1.2-1.5毫米，无翅，具纵皱折。花果期7-9月。
产西藏东南部、四川西北部、青海、甘肃南部、陕西（太白山）。生于高山草甸、灌丛草甸、沼泽草甸、林下，海拔2850-4300米。模式标本采自四川北部。

《Flora of China》|| Gentianaceae || Swertia ||二叶獐牙菜 Swertia bifolia

13. Swertia bifolia Batalin, Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 13: 378. 1894.

二叶獐牙菜 er ye zhang ya cai

Swertia heterantha Ling.

Perennials 10-30 cm tall. Rhizomes blackish, short, with few slightly fleshy rootlets. Stems erect, simple, base sheathed by blackish remains of old petioles. Basal leaves 1 or 2 pairs; petiole flattened, 2.5-4 cm, base connate; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 1.5-6 × 0.7-3 cm, base narrowed, apex obtuse to rounded, veins 3-7. Stem leaves 2 or 3 pairs, sessile, bractlike, ovate to ovate-triangular, 0.7-1.8 cm × 4-6 mm, base obtuse, apex acute, veins 1-3. Inflorescences racemelike, 2-8(-13)-flowered. Flowers 5merous. Pedicel spreading to erect, 0.5-5.5 cm. Calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate, 8-11 mm, apex acuminate, veins 3-5. Corolla dark blue, tube 1.5-2 mm; lobes elliptic-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1.5-2(-3) cm × 5-8 mm, margin entire or sometimes erose, apex obtuse. Nectaries 2 per corolla lobe, cupular, with pilose fimbriae 3.5-4 mm. Filaments 0.9-1.1 cm, base fimbriate-barbate; anthers blue, narrowly ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm. Style indistinct; stigma lobes ellipsoid to suborbicular. Capsules ovoid-ellipsoid, as long as to slightly longer than persistent corolla. Seeds brown, ellipsoid, 1.2-1.5 mm, longitudinally rugose. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep.

* Scrub meadows, swamp meadows, alpine meadows, forests; 2800-4300 m. SE Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi (Taibei Shan), NW Sichuan, SE Xizang.