《中国植物志》|| 龙胆科 GENTIANACEAE ||龙胆草组 Sect. Pneumonanthe (Gled.) Gaudin ||龙胆 Gentiana scabra Bunge

57．龙胆（本草经）龙胆草（植物名实图考），胆草、草龙胆、山龙胆 图版16: 1-4
Gentiana scabra Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Fetersb. Sav. Etrang. 2: 543. 1835 et Verz. Fl. (Suppl. Fl. Alt.) 21. 1836; Griseb. in DC. Prodr. 9: 112. 1845; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 134. 1890: Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 220. 1898: Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 536. 1900: Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3(1): 262. 1905; Levl. Fl. Kouytcheou 172. 1914-1915: Limpr. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 465. 1922; Marq. in Journ. Roy. Hort, Soc. London 57: 208. 1932 et in Kew Bull. 1937: 168. 1937: Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 3. Append. 1: 359. 1939; Grossh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 18: 544. t. 28, f. 3. 1952; 江苏南部种子植物手册596. 图964. 1959;东北植物检索表285. 图版92, 图6. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴3:398. 图4750. 1974.——G. fortunei Hook. f. in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 48: Pl. 4776. 1854. ——G. scabraβ. fortunei Maxim. in Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 12: 759. 1888: Kusnez. Subgen. Eugentiana 76. 1894 et in Acta Hort. Petrop, 15: 222. 1898; Kom, l. c. 264. ——G. scabra. α bungeana f. latifolia Kusnez. et f. angustifolia Kusnez. l. c. 15: 220. 1898; Kom. l. c. 263, 264; 中国北部植物图志2:33. 图版12. 1933, " G. scabra var. bungeana"; 东北植物检索表285. 1959.
多年生草本，高30-60厘米。根茎平卧或直立，短缩或长达5厘米，具多数粗壮、略肉质的须根。花枝单生，直立，黄绿色或紫红色，中空，近圆形，具条棱，棱上具乳突，稀光滑。枝下部叶膜质，淡紫红色，鳞片形，长4-6毫米，先端分离，中部以下连合成筒状抱茎；中、上部叶近革质，无柄，卵形或卵状披针形至线状披针形，长2-7厘米，宽2-3厘米，有时宽仅约0.4厘米，愈向茎上部叶愈小，先端急尖，基部心形或圆形，边缘微外卷，粗糙，上面密生极细乳突，下面光滑，叶脉3-5条，在上面不明显，在下面突起，粗糙。花多数，簇生枝顶和叶腋；无花梗；每朵花下具2个苞片，苞片披针形或线状披针形，与花萼近等长，长2-2.5厘米；花萼筒倒锥状筒形或宽筒形，长10-12毫米，裂片常外反或开展，不整齐，线形或线状披针形，长8-10毫米，先端急尖，边缘粗糙，中脉在背面突起，弯缺截形；花冠蓝紫色，有时喉部具多数黄绿色斑点，筒状钟形，长4-5厘米，裂片卵形或卵圆形，长7-9毫米，先端有尾尖，全缘，褶偏斜，狭三角形，长3-4毫米，先端急尖或2浅裂；雄蕊着生冠筒中部，整齐，花丝钻形，长9-12毫米，花药狭矩圆形，长3.5-4.5毫米；子房狭椭圆形或披针形，长1.2-1.4厘米，两端渐狭或基部钝，柄粗，长0.9-1.1厘米，花柱短连柱头长3-4毫米，柱头2裂，裂片矩圆形。蒴果内藏，宽椭圆形，长2-2.5厘米，两端钝，柄长至1.5厘米；种子褐色，有光泽，线形或纺锤形，长1.8-2.5毫米，表面具增粗的网纹，两端具宽翅。花果期5-11月。
产内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、贵州，陕西、湖北、湖南、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、广东、广西。生于山坡草地、路边、河滩、灌丛中、林缘及林下、草甸，海拔400-1700米。模式标本采自亚洲东部。在苏联、朝鲜、日本也有分布。

《Flora of China》|| Gentianaceae || Gentiana ||龙胆 Gentiana scabra

76. Gentiana scabra Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 2: 543. 1835.

龙胆 long dan

Gentiana fortunei J. D. Hooker; G. scabra subsp. australis M. Y. Liou.

Perennials 30-60 cm tall. Stems apically papillate. Stem leaves sessile; lowermost leaves scalelike, 4-6 mm; middle to upper leaves linear-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate, 2-7 × (0.4-)2-3 cm, base rounded to subcordate, margin scabrous and revolute, apex acuminate to acute, veins 3-5. Upper leaves slightly smaller, shorter than flowers and surrounding their bases. Inflorescences 1 to many flowered, terminal or in axillary clusters, axillary clusters rarely on pedunclelike branches; bracts linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm. Flowers sessile. Calyx tube 1-1.2 cm, entire; lobes spreading to erect, linear, 8-10 mm, margin scabrous, apex acute. Corolla blue-purple, sometimes with yellow-green spots in throat, tubular-campanulate to funnelform, 4-5 cm; lobes ovate to ovate-orbicular, 7-9 mm, apex rounded and apiculate; plicae obliquely and narrowly triangular, 3-4 mm, apex acute or slightly 2cleft. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments 0.9-1.2 cm; anthers free, narrowly ellipsoid, 3.5-4.5 mm. Style 3-4 mm. Capsules 2-2.5 cm; gynophore to 1.5 cm. Seeds 1.8-2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Nov.

River banks, grassland and roadside slopes, moist meadows, scrub, forest margins, forests; 400-1700 m. Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, E Russia]

Gentiana scabra var. buergeri (Miquel) Maximowicz occurs in Japan and differs from var. scabra in having calyx lobes linear-lanceolate and longer than tube.