《云南植物志》|| 蝶形花科 Papilionaceae ||刺槐属 Robinia Linn. ||刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.

1. 刺槐 (华北经济植物志要)
Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. (1753); 豆科图说 (1955)*; 图鉴 (1983)*; 中国植物志 (1994)*.
落叶乔木，高10-20米。树皮灰褐色至黑褐色，浅裂至深纵裂，稀光滑。小枝灰褐色，脆而易折，幼时有棱脊，微被毛，后无毛；具托叶刺，长达2厘米；冬芽小，被毛。羽状复叶长10-30厘米；叶轴上面具沟槽；小叶2-12对，常对生，椭圆形、长椭圆形或卵形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-2.2厘米，先端圆，微凹，具小尖头，基部圆至阔楔形，全缘，上面绿色，下面灰绿色，幼时被短柔毛，后变无毛；小叶柄长1-3毫米；小托叶针芒状，总状花序腋生，长10-20厘米，下垂，花多数，芳香；苞片早落；花梗长7-8毫米；花萼斜钟状，长7-9毫米，萼齿5，三角形至卵状三角形，密被柔毛；花冠白色，各瓣均具瓣柄，旗瓣近圆形，长16毫米，宽约19毫米，先端凹缺，基部圆，反折，内有黄斑，翼瓣斜倒卵形，与旗瓣几等长，长约16毫米，基部一侧具圆耳，龙骨瓣镰状，三角形，与翼瓣等长或稍短，前缘合生，先端钝尖；雄蕊二体，对旗瓣的1枚分离；子房线形，长约1.2厘米，无毛，柄长2-3毫米，花柱钻形，长约8毫米，上弯，顶端具毛，柱头顶生。荚果褐色，或具红褐色斑纹，线状长圆形，长5-12厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，扁平，先端上弯，具尖头，果颈短，沿腹缝线具狭翅；花萼宿存，有种子2-15粒；种子褐色至黑褐色，微具光泽，有时具斑纹，近肾形，长5-6毫米，宽约3毫米，种脐圆形，偏于一端。花期4-6月，果期8-9月。
云南大部分地区种植。原产美国东部，17世纪传入欧洲及非洲。我国于18世纪末从欧洲引入青岛栽培，现全国各地广泛种植。
本种根系浅而发达，易风倒，适应性强，为优良固沙保土树种。材质硬重，抗腐耐磨，宜作枕木、车辆、建筑、矿柱等多种用材；生长快，萌芽力强，是速生薪炭林树种和优良的蜜源植物，花可食用。

《Flora of China》|| Fabaceae || Robinia ||刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia

1. Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 722. 1753.

刺槐 ci huai

Robinia pseudoacacia var. inermis Candolle; R. pseudo­acacia var. pyramidalis (Pepin) C. K. Schneider; R. pseudo­acacia var. umbraculifera Candolle; R. pyramidalis Pepin.

Trees, 10-25 m tall, deciduous. Bark gray-brown to dark brown, longitudinally fissured, rarely smooth. Branchlets gray-brown, sparsely hairy, glabrescent; stipulate spines up to 2 cm; winter buds small, with hairs. Leaves 10-25(-40) cm; rachis adaxially grooved; petiolule 1-3 mm; stipel acicular; leaflets 2-12 pairs, usually opposite or subopposite; leaflet blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 2-5 × 1.5-2.2 cm, abaxially grayish green and with appressed pubescence when young but glabrescent, adax­ially green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded, retuse, and apiculate. Racemes axillary, 10-20 cm, pendulous, many flowered, fragrant; bracts caducous. Pedi­cel 7-8 mm. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 7-9 mm; teeth 5, triangular to ovate-triangular, densely appressed pubescent. Co­rolla white, stipitate; standard suborbicular, ca. 1.6 × 1.9 cm, re­flexed, inside with yellow spots, base rounded, apex with a sinus; wings obliquely obovate, subequal to standard, ca. 16 mm, one lateral auriculate rounded; keel falcate, triangular, equal to wings or slightly short, connate at leading edge, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, one opposite to standard free. Ovary line­ar, ca. 1.2 cm, glabrous; stalk 2-3 mm; style subulate, ca. 8 mm, apically curved, apex piliferous; stigma terminal. Legume brown or with reddish brown stripes, linear-oblong, 5-12 × 1-1.3(-1.7) cm, compressed, apex volute and mucronate, carpo­podium short, narrow wings along ventral suture; calyx persis­tent, 2-15-seeded. Seeds brown to dark brown, slightly glossy, sometimes with stripes, subreniform, 5-6 × ca. 3 mm; hilum rounded, oblique to one end. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 20, 22.

Cultivated in all of China except Hainan and Xizang [native to E North America; cultivated and sometimes naturalized in many parts of the world].