《中国植物志》|| 桑科 MORACEAE ||对叶榕系 Ser. 1. Tuberculi-fasciculatae Sata ||对叶榕 Ficus hispida Linn.

81.对叶榕（海南植物志）牛奶子（广东）
Ficus hispida Linn. f. Suppl. 442. 1781; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 329. 1861; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1: 116. t. 154. 1888; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 522. 1888; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 403. 1899; Craib, Contr. Fl. Siam. Dicotyl. 196. 1912; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 3; 342. 1924; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 810. 1928; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 10: 126. 1929; Corner in Dansk Bot. Ark. 23 (1): 25. 1963, et in Gard. Bull. Sing. 21: 89. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 497. f. 994. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴补编1: 154. 1982, in clavi; Griers. et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 89. 1983; Lauener in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 40 (3): 494. 1983; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 704. 1984; H. Koba et al. , Name List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal: 211. 1994——Covellia hi spida (L. f. ) Miq. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 7: 462. 1848. ——Ficus letaqui Levl. et Vant. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 550. 1910; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 431. 1915; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 10: 130. 1929, et ibid. 17: 82. 1936. ——F. sambucixylon Levl. in Fedde, Sp. Nov. 4: 444. 1907, et Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 433. 1915.
灌木或小乔木，被糙毛，叶通常对生，厚纸质，卵状长椭圆形或倒卵状矩圆形，长10-25厘米，宽5-10厘米，全缘或有钝齿，顶端急尖或短尖，基部圆形或近楔形，表面粗糙，被短粗毛，背面被灰色粗糙毛，侧脉6-9对；叶柄长1-4厘米，被短粗毛；托叶2，卵状披针形，生无叶的果枝上，常4枚交互对生，榕果腋生或生于落叶枝上，或老 茎发出的下垂枝上，陀螺形，熟黄色，直径1.5-2.5厘米，散生侧生苞片和粗毛，雄花生于其内壁口部，多数，花被片3，薄膜状，雄蕊1；瘿花无花被，花柱近顶生，粗短；雌花无花被，柱头侧生，被毛。花果期6-7月。
产广东、海南、广西、云南（西部和南部，海拔120-1600米），贵州。尼泊尔、锡 金、不丹、印度、泰国、越南、马来西亚至澳大利亚也有分布。喜生于沟谷潮湿地带。

《云南植物志》|| 桑科 Moraceae ||榕属 Ficus Linn. ||对叶榕 Ficus hispida L. f.

59.对叶榕（海南植物志）图版187，1—4
Ficus hispida L. f. (1781); Benth. (1861); King (1888)* et in Hook. f. (1888); Hemsl. (1899); Craib (1912); Ridl. (1924); Gagnep. in Lecte. (1928); Hand. -Mazz. (1929); Rehd. (1929); Merr. (1927), (1935); Corner (1963), (1965); 海南植物志 (1965); "图鉴" (1972)*, et 补编 (1982), in clavi; Lauener (1983); Griers. et Long (1983) .
Covellia hispida (L. f.) Miq. (1848); Ficus sambucixylon Lévl. in Fedde (1910), (1915); F. latacqui Lévl. et Vant. in Fedde (1910), (1915); Rehd. (1929), (1936); F. poilanei Gagnep. (1927).
灌木或小乔木；枝被糙毛。叶通常对生，厚纸质，卵状长椭圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长10—25厘米，宽（2.5）5—10厘米，全缘或有钝锯齿，先端急尖或具短尖，基部圆形或楔形，叶面深绿色，粗糙，被短粗毛，背面被灰色粗毛，侧脉每边6—9条；叶柄长1—4厘米，被短粗毛；托叶卵状披针形，在果枝上通常4枚交互对生。榕果腋生或生于落叶枝上，或生于老茎发出的下垂无叶枝上，陀螺形，成熟时黄色，直径1.5—2.5厘米，表面散生苞片和糙毛；雄花生于雄株榕果内壁近口部，多数，无花被，有膜，雄蕊1枚；瘿花生雄花之下，无花被，花柱近顶生，粗短；雌花生于雌株榕果内，无花被，子房红色，短椭圆形，花柱长，被毛，花间有刚毛。瘦果短椭圆形，多少具龙骨，表面光滑或粗糙。
花果期6—7月，云南果期可长至10月。
产盈江、莲山、瑞丽、泸水、龙陵、镇康、凤庆、临沧、西双版纳、峨山、元阳、绿春、建水、蒙自、河口、金平、马关、麻栗坡、西畴、富宁，生海拔120—1600米的山谷潮湿地带；广东、海南、广西、贵州。锡金、不丹、印度、泰国、越南、马来西亚至澳大利亚均有分布。

《Flora of China》|| Moraceae || Ficus ||对叶榕 Ficus hispida

34. Ficus hispida Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 442. 1782.

对叶榕 dui ye rong

Covellia hispida (Linnaeus f.) Miquel; Ficus compressa S. S. Chang; F. heterostyla Merrill; F. hispida var. badiostrigosa Corner; F. hispida var. rubra Corner; F. letaqui H. Léveillé & Vaniot; F. sambucixylon H. Léveillé.

Shrubs or small trees, coarsely hairy; dioecious. Stipules usually 4 and decussate on leafless fruiting branchlets, ovate-lanceolate. Leaves opposite; petiole 1-4 cm, with short thick hairs; leaf blade ovate, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 10-25 × 5-10 cm, thickly papery, abaxially with coarse gray hairs, adaxially rough and with short thick hairs, base rounded to ± cuneate, margin entire or bluntly toothed, apex acute to mucronate; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, sometimes on leafless branchlets or branchlets from main branches, solitary or paired, yellow or red when mature, top-shaped, 1.2-3 cm in diam., with short scattered hairs, pedunculate; involucre bracts present; lateral bracts sometimes present. Male flowers: many, near apical pore; calyx lobes 3, thinly membranous; stamen 1. Gall flowers: calyx absent; style subapical, short, thick. Female flowers: calyx lobes absent; style lateral, with hairs. Fl. Jun-Jul.

Along streams, plains; 700-1500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].

Varieties have been based on differences in fruit size and color but these vary too continuously to justify recognition of formal taxa.