《中国植物志》|| 楝科 MELIACEAE ||香椿属 Toona Roem. ||香椿 Toona sinensis (Juss.) M. Roem.

1.香椿（通称）
Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. Syn. 1: 139. 1846; Harmsin Engl. u Prantl, Nat. Pllanzenfam. 3 (4): 269. 1895, ed. 2, 196 (1): 46. 1940; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 425. 1900; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 131. 1907; Chien et Yang, Ic. Chin. For. Trees 1 (2): pl. 76. 1950; 侯宽昭、陈德昭, 植物分类学报4: 41. 1955; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 573, 图2876. 1972;海南植物志3: 75. 1974; 云南植物志1: 210, 图版48: 8-10. 1977; 江苏植物志, 下册405, 图1397. 1982; 云南种子植物名录, 下册834. 1984; 西藏植物志3: 36, 图13: 1-3. 1986; 广东植物志2: 303. 1991.——Cedrela sinensis A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 255, 294. 1830; C. DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 743. 1878, et in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 3: 360. 1908; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 114. 1886; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 58. 1912; Rehd. et Wils. in Pl. Wilson. 2: 156. 1914;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学602, 图501. 1957.——Ailanthus flavescens Carr. in Rev. Hortic. 366. 1865.——Cedrela chinensis Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, 5: 220. 1883.——Toona sinensis Roem. var. grandis Pamp. in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. 17: 171. 1911.
乔木；树皮粗糙，深褐色，片状脱落。叶具长柄，偶数羽状复叶，长30-50厘米或更长；小叶16-20，对生或互生，纸质，卵状披针形或卵状长椭圆形，长9-15厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，先端尾尖，基部一侧圆形，另一侧楔形，不对称，边全缘或有疏离的小锯齿，两面均无毛，无斑点，背面常呈粉绿色，侧脉每边18-24条，平展，与中脉几成直角开出，背面略凸起；小叶柄长5-10毫米。圆锥花序与叶等长或更长，被稀疏的锈色短柔毛或有时近无毛，小聚伞花序生于短的小枝上，多花；花长4-5毫米，具短花梗；花萼5齿裂或浅波状，外面被柔毛，且有睫毛；花瓣5，白色，长圆形，先端钝，长4-5毫米，宽2-3毫米，无毛；雄蕊10，其中5枚能育，5枚退化；花盘无毛，近念珠状；子房圆锥形，有5条细沟纹，无毛，每室有胚珠8颗，花柱比子房长，柱头盘状。蒴果狭椭圆形，长2-3.5厘米，深褐色，有小而苍白色的皮孔，果瓣薄；种子基部通常钝，上端有膜质的长翅，下端无翅。花期6-8月，果期10-12月。
产华北、华东、中部、南部和西南部各省区；生于山地杂木林或疏林中，各地也广泛栽培。分布于朝鲜。
幼芽嫩叶芳香可口，供蔬食；木材黄褐色而具红色环带，纹理美丽，质坚硬，有光泽，耐腐力强，易施工，为家具、室内装饰品及造船的优良木材；根皮及果入药，有收敛止血、去湿止痛之功效。

《云南植物志》|| 楝科 Meliaceae nom. conserv. ||椿属 Toona (Endl.) Roem. ||香椿 (变种) Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem. var. sinensis

3a．香椿（变种）
Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem. var. sinensis
落叶乔木，高10—15米，稀达30米，木材红色；小枝干时红褐色，无毛，具苍白色皮孔。叶为偶数羽状复叶，长30—50厘米，叶轮被微柔毛或无毛；小叶8—10对，对生或互生，纸质，卵状披针形至卵状长圆形，长9—15厘米，宽2.5—4厘米，上、下两对远较小，先端尾尖，基部一侧浑圆，他侧楔尖，边缘有稀疏的小锯齿或稀全缘，除背面脉腋偶有束毛外，两面无毛，无斑点，背面常呈粉绿色，侧脉约18对，背面略突起；小叶柄长5—10毫米。圆锥花序与叶等长或更长，无毛或被小柔毛，多花。花白色，长4—5毫米；萼杯状，具5钝齿或浅波状，被微柔毛及缘毛；花瓣长椭圆形，先端钝，长4—5毫米，宽2.5—3毫米，无毛；除5枚能育雄蕊外，尚有假雄蕊（退化雄蕊）5枚，长约为能育雄蕊之半，花丝均无毛；花丝无毛，近念珠状；子房圆锥形，有细沟纹5条，无毛，每室有胚珠8颗，花柱长于子房，柱头盘状，蒴果狭椭圆状，深褐色，光亮，基部狭，长2—3.3厘米，径1—1.5厘米，有极稀疏的苍白色皮孔，果瓣薄；种子基部通常钝，上端有长而膜质的翅。花期6—8月，果10月以后成熟。
除滇南外，全省大部分地区都有，生长于海拔1000—2700米的山谷、溪旁或山坡疏林中；常栽培为行道树或供庭园观赏。分布于我国西藏东南部及西南、华中、华东，经华北而达朝鲜。
木材黄褐色而有红色环带，纹理美丽，坚重而有光泽，为上等家具、室内装饰和造船用材，种子可榨油制肥皂；根皮及果入药：果有收敛止血、去湿止痛之效，可治肠炎、痢疾、胃炎、胃溃疡、便血脱肛、血崩、白带、遗精、风湿骨痛，发表透疹；根能开窍，止痢去湿：治子宫出血、产后出血、肠出血；嫩叶治痔疮，也供蔬食。根的木屑可提芳香油作赋香剂。茎皮纤维可制绳索。

《云南植物志》|| 楝科 Meliaceae nom. conserv. ||椿属 Toona (Endl.) Roem. ||香椿 Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem.

3．香椿（通称）图版 48，8—10
毛椿（西畴）、马泡子树（镇雄）、椿（唐本草）、春阳树（四川）、椿甜树（四川，湖北）
Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem. (1846); Harms in Engl. et Prantl (1895)*, (1940)*; Diels (1900); Schneider (1907)*; Chien et Yang (1950); How et T. Chen (1955) , excl. specim. C. W. Wang 64114; "图鉴" (1972)*.
Cedrela sinensis A. Juss. (1830); C. DC. (1878) , (1908); Forbes et Hemsl. (1886); Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. (1914); Toona sinensis Roem. var. grandis Pamp (1911); Ailanthus flavescens Carr. (1865); Cedrela chinensis Franch. (1883) .
落叶乔木，高10—15米，稀达30米，木材红色；小枝干时红褐色，无毛，具苍白色皮孔。叶为偶数羽状复叶，长30—50厘米，叶轮被微柔毛或无毛；小叶8—10对，对生或互生，纸质，卵状披针形至卵状长圆形，长9—15厘米，宽2.5—4厘米，上、下两对远较小，先端尾尖，基部一侧浑圆，他侧楔尖，边缘有稀疏的小锯齿或稀全缘，除背面脉腋偶有束毛外，两面无毛，无斑点，背面常呈粉绿色，侧脉约18对，背面略突起；小叶柄长5—10毫米。圆锥花序与叶等长或更长，无毛或被小柔毛，多花。花白色，长4—5毫米；萼杯状，具5钝齿或浅波状，被微柔毛及缘毛；花瓣长椭圆形，先端钝，长4—5毫米，宽2.5—3毫米，无毛；除5枚能育雄蕊外，尚有假雄蕊（退化雄蕊）5枚，长约为能育雄蕊之半，花丝均无毛；花丝无毛，近念珠状；子房圆锥形，有细沟纹5条，无毛，每室有胚珠8颗，花柱长于子房，柱头盘状，蒴果狭椭圆状，深褐色，光亮，基部狭，长2—3.3厘米，径1—1.5厘米，有极稀疏的苍白色皮孔，果瓣薄；种子基部通常钝，上端有长而膜质的翅。花期6—8月，果10月以后成熟。
除滇南外，全省大部分地区都有，生长于海拔1000—2700米的山谷、溪旁或山坡疏林中；常栽培为行道树或供庭园观赏。分布于我国西藏东南部及西南、华中、华东，经华北而达朝鲜。
木材黄褐色而有红色环带，纹理美丽，坚重而有光泽，为上等家具、室内装饰和造船用材，种子可榨油制肥皂；根皮及果入药：果有收敛止血、去湿止痛之效，可治肠炎、痢疾、胃炎、胃溃疡、便血脱肛、血崩、白带、遗精、风湿骨痛，发表透疹；根能开窍，止痢去湿：治子宫出血、产后出血、肠出血；嫩叶治痔疮，也供蔬食。根的木屑可提芳香油作赋香剂。茎皮纤维可制绳索。

《Flora of China》|| Meliaceae || Toona ||香椿 Toona sinensis

2. Toona sinensis (A. Jussieu) M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 139. 1846.

香椿 xiang chun

Cedrela sinensis A. Jussieu, Bull. Sci. Nat. Géol. 23: 241. 1830; Ailanthus flavescens Carrière ["Ailantus"]; C. glabra C. Candolle; C. longiflora Wallich ex C. Candolle, nom. illeg. superfl. (included type of C. glabra); C. longiflora var. kumaona C. Candolle; C. serrata Royle; C. serrata var. puberula C. Candolle; C. serrulata Miquel; C. sinensis var. hupehana C. Candolle; C. sinensis var. lanceolata H. L. Li; C. sinensis var. schensiana C. Candolle; Mioptrila odorata Rafinesque; Surenus glabra (C. Candolle) Kuntze; S. serrata (Royle) Kuntze; S. serrulata (Miquel) Kuntze; S. sinensis (A. Jussieu) Kuntze; Toona glabra (C. Candolle) Harms; T. microcarpa (C. Candolle) Harms var. denticulata A. Chevalier; T. microcarpa var. grandifolia A. Chevalier; T. serrata (Royle) M. Roemer; T. serrulata (Miquel) Harms; T. sinensis var. grandis Pampanini; T. sinensis var. hupehana (C. Candolle) A. Chevalier; T. sinensis var. incarvillei A. Chevalier; T. sinensis var. schensiana (C. Candolle) H. Li ex X. M. Chen.

Trees to 40 m tall; trunk to 20 m tall, to 1.5 m d.b.h., buttressed. Bark gray to dark brown, fissured; inner bark pink to red, fibrous; sap-wood cream-colored to red, fibrous, smelling strongly of garlic and pepper when cut. Leaves 32-120 cm; petiole 5.5-20 cm, glabrous or pilose; rachis often reddish, glabrous or pilose; leaflets usually 8-20 pairs; petiolules 3-9 mm, glabrescent; leaflet blades narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 11-22 × 3-5.6 cm, glabrous or pilose especially on midvein and secondary veins, with club-shaped glandular trichomes conspicuous on adaxial midvein areas and junction between leaf rachis and petiolules, base asymmetric, margin serrate, serrulate, or rarely entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences to 1 m, pendent; rachis pilose, villous, or glabrescent, with short appressed or spreading simple trichomes. Flowers 3.5-4.5 mm. Pedicel ca. 0.5 mm, pilose to glabrescent. Calyx cup-shaped, 1-1.5 mm, outside glabrous; sepals 0.5-1.1 × 0.6-1.8 mm, margins ciliate. Petals white or flushed pink, 2.8-4.2 × 1.1-2.9 mm, outside glabrous, margin not ciliate. Androgynophore 2.5-4 mm, glabrous; staminodes always present, (1-)5, 0.7-1.8 mm, glabrous; filaments 1.3-1.8 mm (male flowers), 1-1.5 mm (female flowers), glabrous; anthers of male flowers 0.8-1.2 × 0.5-0.8 mm; antherodes of female flowers 0.3-0.8 × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex apiculate and sometimes extended. Disk orange, 1-1.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Ovary 1.6-2.3 mm in diam., glabrous, with to 6 ovules per locule; style 1.1-1.5 × ca. 0.5 mm (male), 0.5-0.8 × 0.3-0.4 mm (female), glabrous; stylehead 0.5-1 mm in diam. Capsule 1.5-3 cm; columella 1.2-2.9 × 0.6-1.1 cm, convex; valves reddish to dark brown, 1.5-3 × 0.4-0.7 cm, smooth or occasionally punctate but not conspicuously lenticellate, with only 0.3-0.5 mm in diam. scattered lenticels. Seeds 0.8-1.6 cm × 3.5-6.2 mm, winged at one end; seed body 0.8-1 cm × 1.7-4 mm. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Aug-Jan.

Primary montane forests, especially on steep hillsides or open slopes, sometimes near streams; also occurring in ravines, mixed or secondary forests, disturbed areas; below 100-2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].

This is generally an upland species but also occurs at lower altitudes in China. It is planted in India and Sri Lanka for shade, and in various European cities (e.g., Paris) as an ornamental.

The timber is used for furniture and sieve hoop-making, and in bridge construction. The leaves are used as a vegetable in China and Malaysia, and as animal fodder in India. The trees are widely used medicinally, with the bark being used as an astringent and depurative, powdered root as a refreshment and a diuretic, and tender leaves as a carminative.

The leaf morphology and indumentum types and density are particularly variable in this species, with capsule valve form also showing some variability. On the basis of such features, up to eight infraspecific variants have been recognized by other authors.