《中国植物志》|| 龙胆科 GENTIANACEAE ||秦艽组 Sect. Cruciata Gaudin ||麻花艽 Gentiana straminea Maxim.

11.麻花艽（内蒙古大学学报）蓟芥、解吉尕保（藏族名）图版9：4-8；5:1
Gentiana straminea Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. -Petersb. 27: 502. 1881; Forbes et Flemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 136, 1890: Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop 15: 323. 1904: Limpr. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 466. 1922: Marq. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 57: 207. 1932: 林镕, 北平研究院丛刊3: 376. 1935; D. Wilkie, Gentians 130. f. 75. 1936: Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 167, 188. 1937; K. S. Hao in Bot. Jahrb. 68: 630. 1938;马毓泉, 内蒙古大学学报6 (1): 40. 1964; S. Nilsson in Grana Palyn. 7(1): 102. 1967:青藏高原药物图鉴1. 26. 图1. 1972;中国高等植物图鉴3: 392. 图4738. 1974; Hara, Chater et Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 93. 1982.
多年生草本，高10-35厘米，全株光滑无毛，基部被枯存的纤维状叶鞘包裹。须根多数，扭结成一个粗大、圆锥形的根。枝多数丛生，斜升，黄绿色，稀带紫红色，近圆形。莲座丛叶宽披针形或卵状椭圆形，长6-20厘米，宽0.8-4厘米，两端渐狭，边缘平滑或微粗糙，叶脉3-5条，在两面均明显，并在下面突起，叶柄宽，膜质，长2-4厘米，包被于枯存的纤维状叶鞘中；茎生叶小，线状披针形至线形，长2.5-8厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，两端渐狭，边缘平滑或微粗糙，叶柄宽，长0.5-2.5厘米，愈向茎上部叶愈小，柄愈短。聚伞花序顶生及腋生，排列成疏松的花序；花梗斜伸，黄绿色，稀带紫红色，不等长，总花梗长达9厘米，小花梗长达4厘米；花萼筒膜质，黄绿色，长1.5-2.8厘米，一侧开裂呈佛焰苞状，萼齿2-5个，甚小，钻形，长0.5-1毫米，稀线形，不等长，长3-10毫米；花冠黄绿色，喉部具多数绿色斑点，有时外面带紫色或蓝灰色，漏斗形，长（3） 3.5-4.5厘米，裂片卵形或卵状三角形，长5-6毫米，先端钝，全缘，褶偏斜，三角形，长2-3毫米，先端钝，全缘或边缘啮蚀形；雄蕊着生于冠筒中下部，整齐，花丝线状钻形，长11-15毫米，花药狭矩圆形，长2-3毫米；子房披针形或线形，长12-20毫米，两端渐狭，柄长5-8毫米，花柱线形，连柱头长3-5毫米，柱头2裂。蒴果内藏，椭圆状披针形，长2.5-3厘米，先端渐狭，基部钝，柄长7-12毫米；种子褐色，有光泽，狭矩圆形，长1.1-1.3毫米，表面有细网纹。染色体2n=52．花果期7-10月。
产西藏、四川、青海、甘肃、宁夏及湖北西部。生于高山草甸、灌丛、林下、林间空地、山沟、多石干山坡及河滩等地，海拔2000-4950米。模式标本采自青海大通河。尼泊尔也有分布。

《Flora of China》|| Gentianaceae || Gentiana Sect. Cruciata ||麻花艽 Gentiana straminea

11. Gentiana straminea Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 27: 502. 1881.

麻花艽 ma hua jiao

Perennials 10-35 cm tall. Roots to 20 × 1.5 cm. Stems ascending, stout, simple, glabrous. Basal leaves petiole 2-4 cm, membranous; leaf blade broadly lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 6-20 × 0.8-4 cm, base narrowed, margin scabrous, apex acuminate, veins 3-5. Stem leaves 3-5 pairs, distinctly smaller and with shorter petioles toward apex; petiole 0.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 2.5-8 cm × 5-10 mm, base obtuse, margin scabrous, apex acuminate, veins 1-3. Cymes axillary or terminal, forming a narrow panicle, axillary cymes sometimes on pedunclelike branches; peduncle to 9 cm. Pedicel to 4 cm. Calyx tube purple, spathelike, 1.5-2.8 cm, split on 1 side to near base, membranous; lobes 2-5, subulate, 0.5-1 mm. Corolla greenish white to pale yellow-green, occasionally suffused with pale blue, outside sometimes tinged brown, with green spots in throat, funnelform, (3-)3.5-4.5 cm; lobes ovate-elliptic to ovate, 5-6 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; plicae triangular, 2-3 mm, oblique, margin entire or denticulate, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted just below middle of corolla tube; filaments 1.1-1.5 cm; anthers narrowly ellipsoid, 2-3 mm. Style 3-5 mm; stigma lobes oblong. Capsules ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5-3 cm; gynophore 7-12 mm. Seeds light brown, narrowly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 1.1-1.3 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov.

Along streams, valleys, rocky slopes, alpine meadows, scrub, forests, clearings in forests; 2000-5000 m. Gansu, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xizang [Nepal].