《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||翠菊属 Callistephus Cass. ||翠菊 Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

1. 翠菊 五月菊（云南）江西腊
Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees, Gen. Sp. Aster. 222, 1832; DC., Prodr. 5: 274, 1836; C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 41, 1876; Bretschn. Hist. Eur. Bot. Disc. China 46, 1898; Nakai, Fl. Koreana 2: 12, 1911 et Fl, Sylv. Koreana 14: 106, 1923; Diels in Limpricht. Bot. Reis. Chinas and Ost. -Tibets 502, 1922; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 458, 1934; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 313, 1937; Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 204, 1938, S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan. Mus. 19: 11, 1966. ——Aster chinensis L. Sp. Pl. 877, 1753. ——Callistemma hortense Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. 6 (Subpl.): 45, 1817 et in Bull. Soc. Philom. 32, 1817. ——Callistephus hortensis Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. 37: 491, 1825; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 407, 1888. ——Diplopappus chinensis (L.) Less. Syn. Comp. 165, 1832. ——Callistemma chinensis (L.) Skeels in U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 153 (17): 27, 1909.——Callistemma sinensis (L.) Brotherson in Gard Chron. III 59: 217, 1916.
一年生或二年生草本，高 (15) 30-100厘米。茎直立，单生，有纵棱，被白色糙毛，基部直径6-7毫米，或纤细达1毫米，分枝斜升或不分枝。下部茎叶花期脱落或生存；中部茎叶卵形、菱状卵形或匙形或近圆形，长2.5-6厘米，宽2-4厘米，顶端渐尖，基部截形、楔形或圆形，边缘有不规则的粗锯齿，两面被稀疏的短硬毛，叶柄长2-4厘米，被白色短硬毛，有狭翼；上部的茎叶渐小，菱状披针形，长椭圆形或倒披针形，边缘有1-2个锯齿，或线形而全缘。头状花序单生于茎枝顶端，直径6-8厘米，有长花序梗。总苞半球形，宽2-5厘米；总苞片3层，近等长，外层长椭圆状披针形或匙形，叶质，长1-2.4厘米，宽2-4毫米，顶端钝，边缘有白色长睫毛，中层匙形，较短，质地较薄，染紫色，内层苞片长椭圆形，膜质，半透明，顶端钝。雌花1层，在圆艺栽培中可为多层，红色、淡红色、蓝色、黄色或淡蓝紫色，舌状长2.5-3.5厘米，宽2-7毫米，有长2-3毫米的短管部；两性花花冠黄色，檐部长4-7毫米，管部长1-1.5毫米。瘦果长椭圆状倒披针形，稍扁，长3-3.5毫米，中部以上被柔毛。外层冠毛宿存，内层冠毛雪白色，不等长，长3-4.5毫米，顶端渐尖，易脱落。花果期：5-10月。
产于我国吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、山东、云南以及四川省等。生长于山坡撩荒地、山坡草丛、水边或疏林阴处。海拔30-2700米。通常引为植物园、花园、庭院及其他公共场所的观赏栽植者。在日本、朝鲜都有广泛的栽培和野生类型。
苏联及欧洲其他各国的植物园都有引种作花卉观赏的。

《云南植物志》|| 菊科 Compositae ||翠菊属 Callistephus Cass. ||翠菊 Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

1. 翠菊 (图鉴)
五月菊、江西腊 (德钦)
Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees (1832); DC. (1836); C. B. Clarke (1876); Bretschn. (1898); Kom. (1907); Nakai (1911), (1923); Diels (1922); Ling (1934); Kitam. (1937); Hand.-Mazz. (1938); Kia (1955)*; S. Y. Hu (1966); 图鉴 (1975)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 中国植物志 (1985); 西藏植物志 (1985); 秦岭植物志 (1985)*.
Aster chinensis L. (1753); Callistemma hortensis (L.) Cass. (1817); Callistephus hortensis (L.) Cass. (1825); Forb. et Hemsl. (1888); Diplopapus chinensis (L.) Less. (1832); Callistemma chinensis (L.) Skeels (1909); C. sinensis (L.) Brotherson (1916).
一年生或二年生草本，高30-100 (-150) 厘米。主根狭圆锥状，向下渐狭并线状延长，具多数侧根和纤维状细根。茎单一，直立，绿色或带紫红色，基部粗2-6毫米，具分枝，茎和枝多细纵棱，被白色具节长柔毛。叶互生，下部叶在花期枯萎，中部叶宽卵形、卵形、近菱形或卵状披针形，长3-8 (-10) 厘米，宽2-5 (-7) 厘米，先端渐尖或钝，基部楔形或稀圆，边缘具不整齐的粗齿或羽状浅裂，有白色具节长缘毛，表面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面沿脉散生毛或无毛，侧脉4-5对，纤细，和中脉在两面微凸起，叶柄长2-6厘米，具狭翅，翅缘疏生白色具节长柔毛，上部茎生叶渐小，倒披针形、菱状倒披针形、匙形或线状倒披针形，边缘具2-4个粗齿至全缘，叶柄短至无，其他同中部叶。头状花序大，径4-8厘米，单生于茎和分枝先端，有异型小花，外围1至数层为雌花，中央有多数两性花，均结实；花序梗长1-7厘米，被白色具节长柔毛；总苞近半球形，径2-5毫米；总苞片通常3层，覆瓦状，外面2层叶质，绿色，狭倒披针形、匙形或长椭圆状披针形，长1-2. 8厘米，宽2-6毫米，先端钝或圆，有时带紫色，边缘有白色的具节长缘毛，内层膜质，半透明，长椭圆形，较短，边缘缺刻状，无缘毛；花序托平或微凸，蜂窝状，无托片。雌花舌状，舌片紫红色、红色、淡红色、蓝紫色、蓝色或黄色、白色，狭椭圆形、狭倒披针形或条形，长2-3厘米，宽2-6毫米，先端全缘或2-3小齿，冠管长2-3毫米，花柱具2分枝，分枝压扁，先端有三角状披针形的附片，伸出冠管之外；两性花花冠管状，黄色，长5-7毫米，冠檐稍扩大，先端有5个长三角形的裂片，冠管短，花药黄色，基部钝，全缘，伸出花冠之外，花柱细长，超出花药，2分枝，分枝压扁，先端具狭披针形、密具细乳突的附片。瘦果长倒卵形，长约3毫米，宽约1.5毫米，稍压扁，密被白色、向上且紧贴的微柔毛；冠毛2层，白色，羽毛状，长3-4.5毫米，不等长，外层易断落，留下极短的毛基，内层较晚脱落。花果期5-10月。
产于德钦、丽江、大理等地；生于海拔2400-3000米的山坡草丛中，昆明等地常栽培观赏。吉林、辽宁、河北、山东、陕西和四川等地有分布和栽培。日本、朝鲜有分布，俄罗斯及欧洲各国有栽培。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Callistephus ||翠菊 Callistephus chinensis

1. Callistephus chinensis (Linnaeus) Nees, Gen. Sp. Aster. 222. 1832.

翠菊 cui ju

Aster chinensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 877. 1753; Callistemma chinense (Linnaeus) Skeels; C. hortense Cassini; Diplopappus chinensis (Linnaeus) Lessing.

Herbs, 20-100 cm tall. Stems erect, single, simple or sparingly branched, branches ascending, sometimes reddish, sparsely to moderately villous, sometimes sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate glandular. Leaves: lower withered by anthesis or persistent, gradually reduced distally; lower petiolate (to 1.2 cm), blade spatulate, ca. 0.9 cm; mid narrowly winged petiolate (2-4 cm, margin villosulous), blade ovate to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2.5-6.5 × 2-4 cm, strigillose, abaxially sparsely pilosulose, midvein sparsely villosulous, adaxially glabrous, eglandular, base cuneate or attenuate-rounded, margin irregularly, coarsely serrate, teeth mucronulate, sometimes entire (distalmost), apex acuminate, mucronulate. Involucre 10-15+ mm; phyllaries subequal, oblanceolate, apex obtuse, outer series 10-30 × 2-6 mm, glabrous, midvein ciliate proximally, margin white ciliate, apex mucronulate, inner series 10-30 × 2-6 mm, glabrous, eglandular, scarious, multiveined, veins translucent, proximally prominent, margin hyaline, erose, purple-tinged, apex erose. Ray florets 16-40+, lamina red, pink, blue, purple, violet, lilac, or white, 15-35 × 2-8 mm, tube sparsely strigillose, sparsely, minutely stipitate glandular apically; disk florets yellow, 4.5-5 mm, tube and limb base sparsely strigillose, limb 3.6-4 mm, lobes spreading, narrowly triangular, 1.2-1.3 mm, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular. Achenes mottled purple, grayish with age, 3-3.5 mm. Pappus: outer scales, reddish, ca. 0.1 mm, inner bristles white, ca. 4 mm, acute, innermost bristles 4.5-4.8 mm, weakly clavate. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.

Grasslands on slopes, stream banks, shady places or open forests, roadsides; 300-2700 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea].

An ornamental plant, this species is widely cultivated worldwide.