《中国植物志》|| 樟科 LAURACEAE ||三出脉组 Sect. Daphnidium (Nees) Benth. ||乌药 Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm.

39.乌药（开宝本草）鳑毗树（本草纲目），铜钱树（浙江、江西），天台乌药、斑皮柴 （浙江），白背树、鲫鱼姜、细叶樟、土木香（江西），白叶子树（广东），香叶子（浙江）
Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, in Reinwardtia 9 (1): 98 1974. ——Laurus aggregata Sims in Curtis Bot. Mag.　51: Tab. 2497. 1824.——Lindera strychnifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) F.——Vill. in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 Noviss. Append. 182. 1880; Cheng in Contr. Biol. Lab, Sci. Soc. China 9: 299. 1934; Tsoong in Contr. Bot. Inst. Nat. Acad. Peiping 4 (2-3): 111. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学357. fig. 1937; Allen in Journ. Arn. Arb. 22: 28. 1941; 广州植物志, 99. 1956; H. L. Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 212. 1963; 海南植物志, 1: 299. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴, 1: 862, 图1723. 1972; C. E. Chang in Fl. Taiwan 2: 432. Pl. 434. 1976. ——Benzion strychnifolium (Sieb. ex Zucc.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 569. 1891.——Daphnidium stryniflolium Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Bayer, Acad. Wiss. Math. Phys. Cl. 4 (3): 207. 1864.——Lindera eberhardtii Lec. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris. 5e Ser. 5: 118. 1913.
常绿灌木或小乔木，高可达5米，胸径4厘米；树皮灰褐色；根有纺锤状或结节状膨胀，一般长3.5-8厘米，直径0.7-2.5厘米，外面棕黄色至棕黑色，表面有细皱纹，有香味，微苦，有刺激性清凉感。幼枝青绿色，具纵向细条纹，密被金黄色绢毛，后渐脱落，老时无毛，干时褐色。顶芽长椭圆形。叶互生，卵形，椭圆形至近圆形，通常长2.7-5厘米，宽1.5-4厘米，有时可长达7厘米，先端长渐尖或尾尖，基部圆形，革质或有时近革质，上面绿色，有光泽，下面苍白色，幼时密被棕褐色柔毛，后渐脱落，偶见残存斑块状黑褐色毛片， 两面有小凹窝，三出脉，中脉及第一对侧脉上面通常凹下，少有凸出，下面明显凸出；叶柄 长0.5-1厘米，有褐色柔毛，后毛被渐脱落。伞形花序腋生，无总梗，常6-8花序集生于 一1-2毫米长的短枝上，每花序有一苞片，一般有花7朵；花被片6，近等长，外面被白色 柔毛，内面无毛，黄色或黄绿色，偶有外乳白内紫红色；花梗长约0.4毫米，被柔毛。雄花花被片长约4毫米，宽约2毫米；雄蕊长3-4毫米，花丝被疏柔毛，第三轮的有2宽肾形具 柄腺体，着生花丝基部，有时第二轮的也有腺体1-2枚；退化雌蕊坛状。雌花花被片长约 2.5毫米，宽约2毫米，退化雄蕊长条片状，被疏柔毛，长约1.5毫米，第三轮基部着生2 具柄腺体；子房椭圆形，长约1.5毫米，被褐色短柔毛，柱头头状。果卵形或有时近圆形， 长0.6-1厘米，直径4-7毫米。花期3-4月，果期5-11月。
产浙江、江西、福建、安徽、湖南、广东，广西、台湾等省区。生于海拔200-1000米向阳坡地、山谷或疏林灌丛中。越南、菲律宾也有分布。
根药用，一般在11月至次年3月采挖，为散寒理气健胃药。果实、根、叶均可提芳香 油制香皂；根、种子磨粉可杀虫。

《Flora of China》|| Lauraceae || Lindera ||乌药 Lindera aggregata

38. Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kostermans, Reinwardtia. 9: 98. 1974.

乌药 wu yao

Evergreen shrubs or small trees, up to 5 m tall, ca. 4 cm d.b.h.; roots fusiform-inflated or nodose-inflated, 3.5-8 × 0.7-2.5 cm, brown-yellow or brown-black and rugose on surface, aromatic. Bark gray-brown. Young branchlets blue-green, longitudinally striate, densely golden sericeous or laxly pubescent, later gradually deciduous and glabrous, brown when dry. Terminal bud narrowly elliptic. Leaves alternate; petiole 0.5-1 cm, brown pubescent, later gradually deciduous; leaf blade pale abaxially, green and shiny adaxially, narrowly ovate, broadly elliptic, subrounded, or lanceolate, 2.7-6 × 1.3-4 cm, sometimes up to 7 cm, leathery or subleathery, densely brown pubescent abaxially, later gradually deciduous, sometimes slightly black pubescent, trinerved, midrib and lateral veins distinctly convex abaxially, concave adaxially, rarely convex, base rounded, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Umbels 6-8, inserted in short branchlet, axillary, not pedunculate, each with a bract and 7 flowers; short branchlets 1-2 mm. Pedicels ca. 0.4 mm, pubescent. Tepals 6, yellow or yellow-green, sometimes milky white and slightly purple-red, white pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Male flowers: tepals ca. 4 × 2 mm; stamens 3-4 mm; filament laxly pubescent, 2-glandular at base in 3rd whorl; glands reniform, stipitate, sometimes 1 or 2 at filament base in 2nd whorl; reduced pistil urceolate. Female flowers: tepals ca. 2.5 × 2 mm; reduced stamens fasciated, ca. 1.5 mm, laxly pubescent, 2-glandular at filament base in 3rd whorl; glands stipitate; ovary ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm, brown pubescent; stigma capitate. Fruits ovate or sometimes subrounded, 0.6-1 cm × 4-7 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Nov.

Sunny mountain slopes, valleys, sparse forests and thickets; 200-1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Philippines, Vietnam].