《中国植物志》|| 牻牛儿苗科 GERANIACEAE ||牻牛儿苗属 Erodium L Her. ||牻牛儿苗 Erodium stephanianum Willd.

4.牻牛儿苗（救荒本草）太阳花 图版5: 4-9
Erodium stephanianum Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 625. 1800; DC. Prodr. 1: 645. n. 11. 1824; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 475. 1842; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 26: 467. 1880; R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 53. 4 (129): 272. 1912; Vved. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 65. 1949;中国高等植物图鉴2: 530. 1972;西藏植物志3: 12 1986;四川植物志, 9:64 1989; 横断山区维管植物1: 1029. 1993; H. Koba, S. Akiyama, Y. Endo and H. Ohba, Name List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal, 201. 1994.——Geranium stephanianum Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2:741, 1881.——G. multifidium Patrin ex DC. Prodr. 1:645. n. 11. 1824.
多年生草本，高通常15-50厘米，根为直根，较粗壮，少分枝。茎多数，仰卧或蔓生，具节，被柔毛。叶对生；托叶三角状披针形，分离，被疏柔毛，边缘具缘毛；基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄，柄长为叶片的1.5-2倍，被开展的长柔毛和倒向短柔毛；叶片轮廓卵形或三角状卵形，基部心形，长5-10厘米，宽3-5厘米，二回羽状深裂，小裂片卵状条形，全缘或具疏齿，表面被疏伏毛，背面被疏柔毛，沿脉被毛较密。伞形花序腋生，明显长于叶，总花梗被开展长柔毛和倒向短柔毛，每梗具2-5花；苞片狭披针形，分离；花梗与总花梗相似，等于或稍长于花，花期直立，果期开展，上部向上弯曲；萼片矩圆状卵形，长6-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端具长芒，被长糙毛，花瓣紫红色，倒卵形，等于或稍长于萼片，先端圆形或微凹；雄蕊稍长于萼片，花丝紫色，中部以下扩展，被柔毛；雌蕊被糙毛，花柱紫红色。蒴果长约4厘米，密被短糙毛。种子褐色，具斑点。花期6-8月，果期8-9月。
分布长江中下游以北的华北、东北、西北、四川西北和西藏。生于干山坡、农田边、沙质河滩地和草原凹地等。俄罗斯西伯利亚和远东、日本、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦、中亚各国、阿富汗和克什米尔地区、尼泊尔亦广泛分布。
全草供药用，有祛风除湿和清热解毒之功效。

《Flora of China》|| Geraniaceae || Erodium ||牻牛儿苗 Erodium stephanianum

4. Erodium stephanianum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 625. 1800.

牻牛儿苗 mang niu er miao

Erodium stephanianum var. atranthum Nakai ex Kitagawa.

Perennials 20-50(-120) cm tall. Stems numerous, ascending to decumbent. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, 3-8 mm. Leaves opposite; leaf blade 4-7 cm, ovate to triangular-ovate, pinnately parted with basal pair of lobes distinct, both surfaces sparsely appressed pilose. Pseudoumbels conspicuously longer than leaves, with 2-5 hermaphrodite flowers; peduncle both spreading pilose and retrorsely pubescent. Pedicel 1/4-1/3 as long as peduncle. Sepals oblong-ovate, 6-9 mm, hirsute, apex awned. Petals purple, without a basal spot, obovate, 5-7 mm. Mericarp 8-11 mm, with apical pit, without ridges or furrows; awn not plumose. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.

Meadows, steppes, flood plains, farmlands; 400-4000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia].