《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||地胆草属 Elephantopus L. ||白花地胆草 Elephantopus tomentosus L.
2. 白花地胆草 牛舌草（海南岛）图版17: 1-4
Elephantopus tomentosus L., Sp. Pl. 814. 1753; Gleason in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 241. 1906; Koster in Blumea 1: 464. 1935; Chang in Sunyats. 3: 277. 1937; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志531. 1956; 海南植物志3: 376. 1974.——E. molis H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4: 26. 1820; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 6: 289. 1930.——E. bodinier Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 117. 1921 et in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 503. 1924.
根状茎粗壮，斜升或平卧，具纤维状根；茎直立，高0.8-1米，或更高，基部3-6毫米，多分枝，具棱条，被白色开展的长柔毛，具腺点；叶散生于茎上，基部叶在花期常凋萎，下部叶长圆状倒卵形，长8-20厘米，宽3-5厘米，顶端尖，基部渐狭成具翅的柄，稍抱茎，上部叶椭圆形或长圆状椭圆形，长7-8厘米，宽1.5-2厘米，近无柄或具短柄，最上部叶极小，全部叶具有小尖的锯齿，稀近全缘，上面皱而具疣状突起，被疏或较密短柔毛，下面被密长柔毛和腺点；头状花序12-20个在茎枝顶端密集成团球状复头状花序，复头状花序基部有3个卵状心形的叶状苞片，具细长的花序梗，排成疏伞房状；总苞长圆形，长8-10毫米，宽1.5-2毫米；总苞片绿色，或有时顶端紫红色，外层4，披针状长圆形，长4-5毫米，顶端尖，具1脉，无毛或近无毛，内层4个，椭圆状长圆形，长7-8毫米，顶端急尖，具3脉，被疏贴短毛和腺点；花4个，花冠白色，漏斗状，长5-6毫米，管部细，裂片披针形，无毛；瘦果长圆状线形，长约3毫米，具10条肋，被短柔毛；冠毛污白色，具5条硬刚毛，长约4毫米，基部急宽成三角形。花期8月至翌年5月。
产于福建、台湾和广东沿海地区。在各热带地区有广泛分布。生于山坡旷野、路边或灌丛中。
此种亦入药，但功效不及前种。
数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库 《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || Elephantopus || Elephantopus tomentosus
2. Elephantopus tomentosus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
Plants (1–)3–6+ dm. Leaves mostly basal at flowering; blades usually obovate to oblanceolate or spatulate (rarely ± orbiculate), 3–8(–10+) cm × 4–12(–25+) mm (including petioles), abaxial faces ± densely pilose, adaxial sparsely pilose to hirsute. Bracts rounded-cordate, 8–15(–20+) × 7–15(–18+) mm. Inner phyllaries 9–11+ mm, pilosulous, hairs 0.3–0.6(–0.9) mm. Cypselae (3–)4–5 mm; pappi 6–8 mm. 2n = 22.
Flowering Aug–Sep. Open or shaded, dry to wet places in pine forests and mixed forests, often on sandy soils; 10–600 m; Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ky., La., Md., Miss., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.; Mexico (probably introduced).
数据来源 eFloras.org 《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Elephantopus ||白花地胆草 Elephantopus tomentosus
2. Elephantopus tomentosus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
白花地胆草 bai hua di dan cao
Elephantopus bodinieri Gagnepain.
Herbs, perennial, 0.8-1 m tall or more. Rhizomes robust, obliquely ascending or procumbent, with fibrous roots. Stems erect, multibranched, angled, white villous. Basal leaves withered by anthesis, subsessile or shortly petiolate, lower leaves oblong-obovate, 8-20 × 3-5 cm, abaxially densely villous and glandular, adaxially rugose and verrucose, sparsely or densely puberulent, basally progressively attenuate into winged, rather amplexicaul petiole, margin mucronate-serrate, rarely entire, apex acute; upper leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 7-8 × 1.5-2 cm; uppermost very small. Synflorescence laxly corymbose, aggregated into compound heads, surrounded by 3 leaflike bracts; bracts green, ovate-cordate. Capitula 12-20; peduncle slender, long. Involucre oblong, 8-10 × 1.5-2 mm; phyllaries green or sometimes apically purple-red, outer 4 lanceolate-oblong, 4-5 mm, glabrous or subglabrous, 1-veined, apex acute, inner 4 elliptic-oblong, 7-8 mm, sparsely adpressed shortly hairy and glandular, 3-veined, apex acute. Florets 4, white, funnelform, 5-6 mm, with slender tube; lobes lanceolate, glabrous. Achenes oblong-linear, ca. 3 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulent. Pappus sordid white, of 5 basally widened bristles. Fl. Aug-May. 2n = 22*.
Open slopes, roadsides, or thickets. Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan [widely distributed in tropical areas].
数据来源 eFloras.org