《中国植物志》|| 檀香科 SANTALACEAE ||檀香属 Santalum L. ||檀香 Santalum album L.

1.檀香（名医别录）真檀（本草纲目），白？檀（楞严经）图版14：1-5
Santalum album L. Sp. Pl. 349. 1753. Hook in Bot. Mag. 60:t. 3235. 1833;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学249, t. 184. 1937. ——S. myrtifolium L. Mant. 2: 200. 1771.
常绿小乔木，高约10米；枝圆柱状，带灰褐色，具条纹，有多数皮孔和半圆形的叶痕；小枝细长，淡绿色，节间稍肿大。叶椭圆状卵形，膜质，长4-8厘米，宽2-4厘米，顶端锐尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，多少下延，边缘波状，稍外折，背面有白粉，中脉在背面凸起，侧脉约10对，网脉不明显；叶柄细长，长1-1.5厘米。三歧聚伞式圆锥花序腋生或顶生，长2.5-4厘米；苞片2枚，微小，位于花序的基部，钻状披针形，长2.5-3毫米，早落；总花梗长2-5厘米；花梗长2-4毫米，有细条纹；花长4-4.5毫米，直径5-6毫米；花被管钟状，长约2毫米，淡绿色；花被4裂，裂片卵状三角形，长2-2.5毫米，内部初时绿黄色，后呈深棕红色；雄蕊4枚，长约2.5毫米，外伸；花盘裂片卵圆形，长约1毫米；花柱长3毫米，深红色，柱头浅3（-4）裂。核果长1-1.2厘米，直径约1厘米，外果皮肉质多汁，成熟时深紫红色至紫黑色，顶端稍平坦，花被残痕直径5-6毫米，宿存花柱基多少隆起，内果皮具纵稜3-4条。花期5-6月，果期7-9月。
广东、台湾有栽培。原产太平洋岛屿，现以印度栽培最多。
檀香树干的边材白色，无气味，心材黄褐色，有强烈香气是贵重的药材和名贵的香料，并为雕刻工艺的良材。我国进口檀香的历史已有一千多年。

《Flora of North America》|| Santalaceae || || Santalum album

1. Santalum album Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 349. 1753.
[F I]

Trees, 4–9 m, upright or clambering, sprawling among other vegetation; branches slightly angular-striate. Leaves: petiole 2-ribbed, 1–1.8 cm; blade ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, 3.5–6 × 1.1–2.3 cm, apex obtuse or acute, adaxial surface shiny, darker green than abaxial surface; venation brochidodromous. Inflorescences: peduncles 4–11 mm. Pedicels to 1 mm. Flowers 3–4 mm; petals turning rose to crimson red or maroon through maturation, reflexed, triangular, 2 mm, post-staminal hairs white, long, coarse; nectary lobes reddish, ovate, prominent; stamens situated between nectary lobes; filaments longer than anther, positioning anthers above nectary lobes at height of stigma; styles 2 mm. Pseudodrupes nearly spheric, 7 × 8 mm, borne on short peduncle, often 1 per dichasium; epicarp dark red to black, mesocarp smooth. Seeds spheric. 2n = 20.

Flowering Jul–Dec, fruiting Jul–Dec. Overgrown pine rocklands; 0 m; introduced; Fla.; Asia (Indonesia); introduced also elsewhere in Asia (India), Australia.

Santalum album has long been cultivated for its fragrant wood, and its oil is used as incense and perfume, and for various cosmetic and medicinal purposes (L. Hamilton and C. E. Conrad 1990).

Santalum album was introduced into cultivation after 1920 at the USDA Chapman Field Subtropical Horticulture Research Station in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The first collections documenting its escape from cultivation were made in 1989 and 1991 at that location. Later collections indicate that the species is common along the edges of a pine rockland remnant, thus indicating that a small colony had become established. An additional plant was also seen at the Deering Estate at Cutler (a county preserve) near Chapman Field (R. P. Wunderlin, pers. comm.). Given that flowers and fruits are present on vouchered specimens, S. album appears to be reproducing and spreading via its bird-dispersed fruits and seeds. This introduction demonstrates that sandalwood is not host specific, as none of its North American hosts in Florida are found within its natural range.

Santalum album is exceptional in the genus by having the ovary often appearing nearly superior. The ovaries in the remaining species of Santalum are half-inferior or more.