《中国植物志》|| 禾本科 GRAMINEAE ||燕麦属 Avena Linn. ||燕麦 Avena sativa L.

7.燕麦（救荒本草）铃当麦，香麦（亨利氏：植物华名录）图版44：9-11
Avena sativa Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 79. 1753; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1293. 1936;禾本科图说487.图419. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 434. 1960;台湾禾草259. 图24. 1975;中国高等植物图鉴5: 95. 图7020. 1976;秦岭植物志1(1) : 125. 1976;江苏植物志 (上) : 197.图331. 1977;台湾植物志5: 408. 1978。
本种似野燕麦Avena fatua Linn.，其主要性状为小穗含1-2小花；小穗轴近于无毛或疏生短毛，不易断落；第一外稃背部无毛，基盘仅具少数短毛或近于无毛，无芒，或仅背部有1较直的芒，第二外稃无毛，通常无芒。
我国东北、华北、西北、西南及广东、广西和华中等省区多为栽培。谷粒供磨面食用，或作饲料，营养价值很高。模式标本采自欧洲。

《云南植物志》|| 禾本科 Poaceae (Gramineae) ||燕麦属 Avena Linn. ||燕麦 Avena sativa Linn.

5.燕麦（救荒本草）
Avena sativa Linn. (1753); 中国主要植物图说•禾本科 (1959)*; 中国植物志 (1987)*.
一年生草本。秆直立，丛生，平滑无毛，高0.4—1.5（—2）米，具5—8节，径粗3—5毫米。叶鞘上部松弛，无毛，长于节间；叶舌膜质，透明，长1—4毫米；叶片扁平，长15—45厘米，宽3—18毫米，先端长渐尖，基部圆形，无毛，两面均粗糙。圆锥花序开展或稍收缩，长达30厘米，稀达40厘米，宽5—15厘米，主轴及分枝均无毛，仅棱上稍粗糙。分枝3—8或9枝簇生，强壮，复合，长达13厘米，斜升。小穗柄长0.5—2厘米，无毛，近顶部膨大，略扁，棱上稍粗糙；小穗长17—25厘米，有时达30厘米，常含1—2小花，有时具3小花；颖片不等长，膜质或草质，具7—9脉；第一外稃13—18毫米，先端微缺或有短齿，下部质较硬，光滑无毛，有光泽，上部草质，有明显脉纹，通常无芒；内稃比外稃短，有2脊，脊上有小纤毛或粗糙；小穗轴成熟时自其顶端断落，且与其下小花一起脱落，节间长2—2.5毫米，无毛。颖果黄褐色，被微柔毛，长6—9毫米，腹面有纵沟。
云南北纬25°以北，海拔2100—3000米的山区常栽培以谷粒磨粉食用或作饲料。西南、华北及西北常有栽培。

《Flora of China》|| Poaceae || Avena ||燕麦 Avena sativa

1. Avena sativa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753.

燕麦 yan mai

Annual. Culms solitary or tufted, erect, 40–180 cm tall, unbranched. Leaf sheaths usually glabrous; leaf blades 15–30 cm, 4–10 mm wide, glabrous, margins sometimes scaberulous; ligule 3–6 mm. Panicle loose and open or contracted, 20–40 cm, nodding; branches spreading or contracted. Spikelets 2–3 cm, florets 2(or 3); rachilla ± glabrous, straight, not disarticulating or fracturing irregularly at maturity, florets lacking a basal bearded callus, internodes short, less than 0.5 mm; glumes lanceolate, subequal, as long as spikelet, 7–9-veined; lemmas 1.2–2.5 cm, leathery in lower half, herbaceous and distinctly veined above, glabrous or nearly so, apex minutely and irregularly 2–4-denticulate; awn 2.5–3.5 cm, weakly geniculate or rudimentary or absent. Grain adherent to lemma and palea at maturity. 2n = 42.

Widely cultivated in China [of cultivated origin].

This species is cultivated as a cereal crop (oats) in north-temperate regions of the world, and also as a green fodder crop. Genetic evidence points to Avena sterilis as the wild ancestor of A. sativa, and A. fatua as a weedy derivative. Hybrids between A. sativa and A. fatua with hairy florets or well-developed awns may occur where the two species grow together.