《中国植物志》|| 伞形科 UMBELLIFERAE ||当归属 Angelica L. ||紫花前胡 Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. & Sav.

10. 紫花前胡（中药志）土当归（江苏、安徽、江西、湖南）、野当归（西南各省）、独活（浙江、江西）、麝香菜（安徽、甘肃）、鸭脚前胡、鸭脚当归、老虎爪（湖南）
Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 187. 1875, Franch. Pl. David. 1: 142. 1884; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 500. 1900; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 167. 1907 (Fl. Mansh. 3. 1907) pro parte; Hiroe, Umbell. Asia 1: 159-160. 1958; 东北植物检索表249. 图80-1. 1959; Kitagawa, Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 475. 1979; Yuan et Shan in Bull. Nanjing Bot. Gard. Mem. Sun Yat-Sen 1983: 7. ——Porphyroscias decursiva Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Batav. 3: 62. 1867; 东北草本植物志6: 267. 1977.——Peucedanum decursivum (Mig.) Maxim. in Mel. Biol. 12: 472. 1886; Forbes et Hemsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 335. 1888; 江苏南部种子植物手册556. 图898. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 1094. 图3917. 1972; 江苏植物志581. 图1675. 1982; 中药志2: 463. 图344. 1982. ——Selinum melanotilingia de Boiss. in Bull. Herh. Boiss. 2 (3): 956. 1903. ——Peucedanum porphyroscias (Miq.) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 18: 65. 1904.——Peucedanum melanotilingia (de Boiss.) de Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Bois. 2 (8): 642. 1908. ——Pimpinella decursiva (Miq.) Wolff in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 237. 1919.
多年生草本。根圆锥状，有少数分枝，径1-2厘米，外表棕黄色至棕褐色，有强烈气味。茎高1-2米，直立，单一，中空，光滑，常为紫色，无毛，有纵沟纹。根生叶和茎生叶有长柄，柄长13-36厘米，基部膨大成圆形的紫色叶鞘，抱茎，外面无毛；叶片三角形至卵圆形，坚纸质，长10-25厘米，一回三全裂或一至二回羽状分裂；第一回裂片的小叶柄翅状延长，侧方裂片和顶端裂片的基部联合，沿叶轴呈翅状延长，翅边缘有锯齿；末回裂片卵形或长圆状披针形，长5-15厘米，宽2-5厘米，顶端锐尖，边缘有白色软骨质锯齿，齿端有尖头，表面深绿色，背面绿白色，主脉常带紫色，表面脉上有短糙毛，背面无毛；茎上部叶简化成囊状膨大的紫色叶鞘。复伞形花序顶生和侧生，花序梗长3-8厘米，有柔毛；伞辐10-22，长2-4厘米；总苞片1-3，卵圆形，阔鞘状，宿存，反折，紫色；小总苞片3-8，线形至披针形，绿色或紫色，无毛；伞辐及花柄有毛；花深紫色，萼齿明显，线状锥形或三角状锥形，花瓣倒卵形或椭圆状披针形，顶端通常不内折成凹头状，花药暗紫色。果实长圆形至卵状圆形，长4-7毫米，宽3-5毫米，无毛，背棱线形隆起，尖锐，侧棱有较厚的狭翅，与果体近等宽，棱槽内有油管1-3，合生面油管4-6，胚乳腹面稍凹入。花期8-9月，果期9-11月。
产辽宁、河北、陕西、河南、四川、湖北、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、广西、广东、台湾等地。生长于山坡林缘、溪沟边或杂木林灌丛中。分布于日本、朝鲜和苏联远东地区。模式标本产日本。
根称前胡，入药。为解热、镇咳、祛痰药，用于感冒、发热、头痛、气管炎、咳嗽、胸闷等症。果实可提制芳香油、具辛辣香气。幼苗可作春季野菜。

《Flora of China》|| Apiaceae || Angelica ||紫花前胡 Angelica decursiva

26. Angelica decursiva (Miquel) Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 187. 1875.

紫花前胡 zi hua qian hu

Porphyroscias decursiva Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 62. 1867; Peucedanum decursivum (Miquel) Maximowicz; P. grandifolioides H. Wolff; P. melanotilingia (H. de Boissieu) H. de Boissieu; P. porphyroscias Makino, nom. illeg. superfl.; Selinum melanotilingia H. de Boissieu; Ligusticum melanotilingia (H. de Boissieu) Kitagawa; Ostericum melanotilingia (H. de Boissieu) Kitagawa.

Plants perennial, 1–2 m high. Root brown, conic, 1–2 cm thick, strongly aromatic. Stem often purple-green, ribbed, glabrous. Petioles 13–36 cm, sheaths purple, elliptic; blade triangular to ovate, 10–25 cm, 1–2-ternate-pinnate; leaflets ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 5–15 × 2–5 cm, base decurrent, margin white-cartilaginous and cuspidate-serrate, apex acute, midribs often purple-green, hispidulous along nerves adaxially. Peduncles 3–8 cm, pubescent; bracts 1–3, purplish, ovate, sheath-like, reflexed; rays 10–22, 2–4 cm, pubescent; bracteoles 3–8, linear to lanceolate, green or purple; pedicels pubescent. Calyx teeth triangular-subulate. Petals dark purple, obovate or ellipsoid-lanceolate, apex incurved but not notched. Anthers dark purple. Fruit oblong to ovoid-orbicular, 4–7 × 3–5 mm; dorsal ribs filiform, acute, lateral ribs thickly narrow-winged; vittae 1–3 in each furrow, 4–6 on commissure. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Nov. n = 11*.

Forest margins, shrubby thickets, slopes, streamsides; 200–800 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Taiwan, Zhejiang; also NE China [Japan, Korea, Russia (Siberia), Vietnam].

The roots are used in the important traditional Chinese medicine “qian hu” (see also Peucedanum praeruptorum), particularly in the treatment of colds, coughs, and fevers. White-flowered plants in NE China may be referred to Angelica decursiva f. albiflora (Maximowicz) Nakai (J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 16(1): 268. 1909; Peucedanum decursivum var. albiflorum Maximowicz, Melanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 12: 473. 1886).