《中国植物志》|| 天南星科 ARACEAE ||天南星族 Trib. Areae Engl. ||半夏属 Pinellia Tenore

35.半夏属 Pinellia Tenore
Tenore in Atti R. Acad. Sc. Nap. 4: 57 cum t. 10. 1830, ic. ex ejusdem Cat. Ort. Neap. 91. 1830.
多年生草本，具块茎。叶和花序同时抽出。叶柄下部或上部，叶片基部常有珠芽；叶片全缘，3深裂、3全裂或鸟足状分裂，裂片长圆椭圆形或卵状长圆形，侧脉纤细，近边缘有集合脉3条。花序柄单生，与叶柄等长或超过。佛焰苞宿存，管部席卷，有增厚的横 隔膜，喉部几乎闭合；檐部长圆形，长约为管部的2倍，舟形。肉穗花序下部雌花序与佛焰苞合生达隔膜（在喉部），单侧着花，内藏于佛焰苞管部；雄花序位于隔膜之上，圆柱形，短，附属器延长的线状圆锥形，超出佛焰苞很长。花单性，无花被，雄花有雄蕊2，雄蕊短，纵向压扁状，药隔细，药室顺肉穗花序方向伸长，顶孔纵向开裂，花粉无定形。雌花：子房卵圆形，1室，1胚珠；胚珠直生或几为半倒生，直立，珠柄短。浆果长圆状卵形、略锐尖，有不规则的疣皱；胚乳丰富，胚具轴。
6种。产亚洲东部。我国南北有5种。

《云南植物志》|| 天南星科 Araceae ||天南星科 Araceae ||半夏属 Pinellia Tenore

26. 半夏属 Pinellia Tenore
多年生草本，具块茎。叶和花序同时抽出。在叶柄下部、上部或叶片基部有珠芽；叶片全缘、卵形或长圆形，有时3深裂、3全裂或鸟足状分裂，裂片长圆椭圆形或卵状长圆形，侧脉纤细，近边缘有集合脉3条。花序柄单生，与叶柄等长或超过。佛焰苞宿存：管部席卷，内部顶部有增厚的横隔膜，喉部几乎闭合，管部长圆形，长约为管部的2倍，舟形。肉穗花序下部雌花序与佛焰苞合生达隔膜处，单侧，内藏于佛焰苞管部，雄花序位于隔膜之上，圆柱形，短；附属器延长的锥形、超出佛焰苞很长。花单性，无花被。雄花有雄蕊2：雄蕊短，纵向压扁状，药隔细，药室顺肉穗花序方向伸长，顶孔纵向开裂，花粉无定形。雌花：子房卵圆形，1室，1胚珠；胚珠直生或几为半倒生，直立，珠柄短。浆果长圆状卵圆形，1室，1种子。种子球形，略锐尖，有不规则的疣绉；胚乳丰富；胚具轴。
8种，分布于东亚，我国南北有7种。云南有2种。

《Flora of China》|| Araceae || ||半夏属 Pinellia

20. Pinellia Tenore, Atti Reale Accad. Sci. Sez. Soc. Reale Borbon. 4: 69. 1839.

半夏属 ban xia shu

Authors: Heng Li & Josef Bogner

Atherurus Blume; Hemicarpurus Nees.

Herbs, perennial, seasonally dormant; tuber cormlike, subglobose, or rhizome cylindric; tubercles usually formed around main tuber, on tuber around base area of petioles, or at rhizome ends; bulbils usually at proximal, middle, or distal part of petioles, sometimes on both petiole and base of leaf blade. Leaves 1-5; petiole green, usually unspotted, sometimes spotted; sheath fairly long, very short, or nearly absent; bulbils present or absent; leaf blade simply cordate, ovate, oblong, deeply trifid, or trisect, or pedatisect; leaflets oblong-elliptic to ovate-oblong; primary lateral veins of leaf blade or of each leaflet pinnate, forming a submarginal collective vein, with 1 or 2 distinct marginal veins also present, higher order venation reticulate. Inflorescence solitary, appearing with leaves; peduncle green, shorter or slightly longer than petioles. Spathe persistent, slightly to strongly constricted between tube and blade (except in Pinellia pedatisecta); tube convolute, narrowly ellipsoid to ovate, almost closed within by a transverse septum (except in P. pedatisecta), gaping at base; limb arching, gaping, green to purple, oblong-elliptic, boat-shaped, ca. 2 × or more as long as tube. Spadix much longer than spathe; female zone adnate to spathe, separated from male zone by spathe septum (except in P. pedatisecta) and by short, free, naked part of spadix axis; male zone free, cylindric, short; terminal sterile appendix long exserted from spathe, often sigmoid, narrowly subulate. Flowers unisexual, perigone absent. Male flowers 1- or 2-4-androus; stamens sometimes united congenitally in pairs or groups of 4, short, laterally compressed; anthers sessile, connective slender, thecae ellipsoid, 2-celled, dehiscing by apical slit, rarely each pollen sac opening by a pore. Pollen extruded in amorphous mass, inaperturate, spherical or subspheroidal, small to medium sized, exine spinulose. Female flower (gynoecium, pistil) with ovary ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 1-loculed; ovule 1, orthotropous, funicle very short; placentation basal; stylar region attenuate; stigma small, hemispheric to disciform. Berries green, yellowish green, or whitish, oblong-ovoid. Seeds obnapiform to ellipsoid; testa irregularly verrucose-rugulose or smooth; embryo axile, elongate, or very small and subglobose; endosperm copious. 2n = 26, 28, 52, 54, 72, 78, 104, 115, 116, 128.

Nine species: E Asia (China, Japan, Korea), with the center of diversity in E China (Anhui, Fujian, Zhejiang); two species regionally naturalized in Australia, Europe, and North America; nine species (seven endemic) in China.

See the recent synopsis of Pinellia by G. Zhu, H. Li and R. Li (Willdenowia 37: 503-522. 2007).