《中国植物志》|| 桑科 MORACEAE ||无花果系 Ser. Cariceae Corner ||无花果 Ficus carica Linn.

28.无花果（救荒本草）阿驵（酉阳杂俎，译自波斯语anjir）图版27: 1-4
Ficus carica Linn. Sp. Pl. 2: 1059. 1753; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1: 147. 1888; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学239. 1937; Condit, The Fig (1948); in Hilgardia 23: 323-538. 1955, in ibid. 25. 1-663. 1956; Makino, New Ill. Fl. Japan 97, t. 385. 1961; Corner in Gard. Bull. Sing. 21: 36. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 491. f. 981. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴补编1: 154. 1982, in clavi; Yamazakl in Journ. Phytogeogr. and Taxon. 31 (1): 11. 1983; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 700. 1984; 浙江植物志2: 89. f. 2-116. 1992; 湖北植物大全: 267. 1992。
落叶灌木，高3-10米，多分枝；树皮灰褐色，皮孔明显；小枝直立，粗壮。叶互 生，厚纸质，广卵圆形，长宽近相等，10-20厘米，通常3-5裂，小裂片卵形，边缘具 不规则钝齿，表面粗糙，背面密生细小钟乳体及灰色短柔毛，基部浅心形，基生侧脉3- 5条，侧脉5-7对；叶柄长2-5厘米，粗壮；托叶卵状披针形，长约1厘米，红色。雌 雄异株，雄花和瘿花同生于一榕果内壁，雄花生内壁口部，花被片4-5，雄蕊3，有时 1或5，瘿花花柱侧生，短；雌花花被与雄花同，子房卵圆形，光滑，花柱侧生，柱头2 裂，线形。榕果单生叶腋，大而梨形，直径3-5厘米，顶部下陷，成熟时紫红色或黄色， 基生苞片3，卵形；瘦果透镜状。花果期5-7月。
原产地中海沿岸。分布于土耳其至阿富汗。我国唐代即从波斯传入，现南北均有栽 培，新疆南部尤多。
新鲜幼果及鲜叶治痔疗效良好。榕果味甜可食或作蜜饯，又可作药用；也供庭园观 赏。

《云南植物志》|| 桑科 Moraceae ||榕属 Ficus Linn. ||无花果 Ficus carica L.

27.无花果（食物本草，救荒本草）图版176，1—4
阿驲（酉阳杂俎）
Ficus carica L. (1753); King (1888); 陈嵘 (1937); Condit (1948), (1956) (For full syn.); Makino (1961); Corner (1965); "图鉴" (1972)*; et 补编 (1982), in clavi; 秦岭植物志 (1974).
灌木或小乔木，高3—10米。树皮灰色，皮孔圆形，深灰色，明显；小枝粗壮，节间短。叶厚纸质，广卵形，长宽近相等，10—20厘米，通常3—5裂，裂片卵形，边具不规则锯齿，叶面粗糙，背面密生点状钟乳体和灰色短柔毛，基部浅心形，基生叶脉三至五出，侧脉每边5—7条；叶柄长2—5厘米，粗壮；托叶卵状披针形，长约1.5厘米，绿色带微红。雌雄异株，榕果单生叶腋，雄花和瘿花生于同一榕果内壁，雄花生于近口部，白色，花柄长2—3毫米，花被片4—5，倒披针形，雄蕊2—3（—1）；瘿花花被片与雄花同，子房倒卵形，花柱短；雌花与不育花花被片4—5，白色，子房卵圆形，光滑，花柱侧生，柱头2裂，线形；不育花子房萎缩。榕果（雌花果）大梨形，直径3—5厘米，顶部平压，苞片覆盖，中部以下收缢成长1—3厘米的柄，基生苞片3，宽卵形；总梗短，榕果成熟时紫红色或黄色。花果期6—7月。
昆明、新平、石屏、丽江等地有栽培；我国南北均有栽培，新疆南部尤多。本种原产地中海沿岸，品种甚多，果形变异很大，有的果型长椭圆状，表面有条纹。
榕果成熟时味甜可生食或作蜜饯；鲜叶捣烂用以治痔疮，疗效良好，也可用叶作农药。
本种因长期栽培，一般栽培种均为雌株，很难见到雄株；繁殖容易，通常扦插、压条均可。

《Flora of North America》|| Moraceae || Ficus || Ficus carica

2. Ficus carica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1059. 1753.

Common fig

Shrubs or small trees , deciduous, to 5 m. Roots not adventitious. Bark grayish, slightly roughened. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves: stipules 1-1.2 cm; petiole 8-20 cm. Leaf blade obovate, nearly orbiculate, or ovate, palmately 3-5-lobed, 15-30 × 15-30 cm, base cordate, margins undulate or irregularly dentate, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially and adaxially scabrous-pubescent; basal veins 5 pairs; lateral veins irregularly spaced. Syconia solitary, sessile, green, yellow, or red-purple, pyriform, 5-8 cm, pubescent; peduncle ca. 1 cm; subtending bracts ovate, 1-2 mm; ostiole with 3 subtending bracts, umbonate.

Flowering spring-summer. Disturbed sites; 0-300 m; introduced; Calif., Fla., Mass., N.C., S.C.; Mexico; West Indies; native to Asia.

Ficus carica is known to escape in Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia, although no specific localities are documented.

Ficus carica was first known from Caria in southwestern Asia. It is cultivated for its edible fruit and becomes established outside of cultivation only sporadically in the United States. It can sometimes be found persisting around old habitations and old orchards.

《Flora of China》|| Moraceae || Ficus ||无花果 Ficus carica

38. Ficus carica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1059. 1753.

无花果 wu hua guo

Shrubs, 3-10 m tall, many branched. Bark grayish brown, distinctly lenticellate. Branchlets straight, strong. Stipules red, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm. Leaves alternate; petiole strong, 2-5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, usually with 3-5 ovate lobes, 10-20 × 10-20 cm, thickly papery, abaxially densely covered with small cystoliths and short gray pubescence, adaxially scabrous, base ± cordate, margin irregularly toothed; basal lateral veins 2-4, secondary veins 5-7 on each side of midvein. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, solitary, purplish red to yellow when mature, pear-shaped, large, 3-5 cm in diam., apical pore concave, sessile; involucral bracts ovate. Male flowers: near apical pore; calyx lobes 4 or 5; stamens (1 or)3(-5). Gall flowers: style lateral, short. Female flowers: calyx lobes 4 or 5; ovary ovoid, smooth; style lateral; stigma 2-branched, linear. Achenes lenslike. Fl. and fr. May-Jul.

Cultivated. throughout China [native to the Mediterranean region eastward to Afghanistan].

This species was introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty (618–906 CE) and is grown particularly in Xinjiang for its edible fruit.