《中国植物志》|| 豆科 LEGUMINOSAE ||甘草组 Sect. Glycyrrhiza ||洋甘草 Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

3. 洋甘草（中国主要植物图说•豆科）欧甘草（中药志）光果甘草（植物分类学报）图版44: 7-8
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Sp. Pl. 742. 1753; DC. Prodr. 2: 247. 1825; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 2: 202. 1872; Grig. et Vass. in Kom. Fl. URSS 13: 233. 1948; E. A. Krug. in Trudy Bot. Inst. Komarov Ser. I. 11: 168. 1955; S. C. Lin et al. in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15 (2): 49. f. 2. 1977; Ali in Nasir et Ali, Fl. W. Pakistan 100: 97. 1977. (inch var. glandulifera (Waldst. et Kit.) Regel et Herder); Yakovlev in Grubov, Pl. Asiae Centr. 8a: 48. 1983; X. Y. Li in Bull. Bot. Res. 13 (1): 31. 1993.——Glycyrrhiza violacea Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 3 (2): 23. 1854.——Glycyrrhiza glabm Linn. var. violacea (Boiss.) Boiss. Fl. Orient. 2: 202. 1872.——Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. var. caduca X. Y. Li, var. laxifoliolata X. Y. Li, var. glandulosa X. Y. Li, op. cit. 32.
多年生草本；根与根状茎粗壮，直径0.5-3厘米，根皮褐色，里面黄色，具甜味。茎直立而多分枝，高0.5-1.5米，基部带木质，密被淡黄色鳞片状腺点和白色柔毛，幼时具条棱，有时具短刺毛状腺体。叶长5-14厘米；托叶线形，长仅1-2毫米，早落；叶柄密被黄褐腺毛及长柔毛；小叶11-17枚，卵状长圆形、长圆状披针形、椭圆形，长1.7-4厘米，宽0.8-2厘米，上面近无毛或疏被短柔毛，下面密被淡黄色鳞片状腺点，沿脉疏被短柔毛，顶端圆或微凹，具短尖，基部近圆形。总状花序腋生，具多数密生的花；总花梗短于叶或与叶等长（果后延伸），密生褐色的鳞片状腺点及白色长柔毛和绒毛；苞片披针形，膜质，长约2毫米；花萼钟状，长5-7毫米，疏被淡黄色腺点和短柔毛，萼齿5枚，披针形，与萼筒近等长，上部的2齿大部分连合；花冠紫色或淡紫色，长9-12毫米，旗瓣卵形或长圆形，长10-11毫米，顶端微凹，瓣柄长为瓣片长的1/2，翼瓣长8-9毫米，龙骨瓣直，长7-8毫米；子房无毛。荚果长圆形，扁，长1.7-3.5厘米，宽4.5-7毫米，微作镰形弯，有时在种子间微缢缩，无毛或疏被毛，有时被或疏或密的刺毛状腺体。种子2-8颗，暗绿色，光滑，肾形，直径约2毫米。花期5-6月，果期7-9月。
产东北、华北、西北各省区。生于河岸阶地、沟边、田边、路旁，较干旱的盐渍化土壤上亦能生长。欧洲、地中海区域、哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、俄罗斯西伯利亚地区以及蒙古也有。模式标本采自西欧。
根和根状茎供药用。

《Flora of China》|| Fabaceae || Glycyrrhiza ||洋甘草 Glycyrrhiza glabra

4. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 742. 1753.

洋甘草 yang gan cao

Glycyrrhiza alalensis X. Y. Li; G. brachycarpa Boissier; G. glabra var. caduca X. Y. Li; G. glabra subsp. glandulifera (Waldstein & Kitaibel) Ponert; G. glabra var. glandulifera (Waldstein & Kitaibel) Regel & Herder; G. glabra var. glandu­losa X. Y. Li; G. glabra var. laxifoliolata X. Y. Li; G. glabra var. violacea (Boissier & Noë) Boissier; G. glandulifera Waldstein & Kitaibel; G. pallida Boissier; G. violacea Boissier & Noë; Liquiritia officinarum Medikus, nom. illeg. superfl.

Herbs, perennial. Stem 50-150 cm tall, woody at base, densely scaly glandular punctate, white hairy. Leaves 5-14 cm, 11-17-foliolate; stipules caducous, linear, 1-2 mm; petiole densely yellow-brown glandular hairy and villous; leaflets ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic, 1.7-4 × 0.8-2 cm, abaxially densely yellow scaly glandular punctate and pubes­cent on veins, adaxially glabrescent or pilose, base rounded, apex rounded or retuse and with mucro. Racemes much and densely flowered; rachis densely brown scaly glandular punc­tate, white villous and tomentose; bracts lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, membranous. Calyx campanulate, 5-7 mm, sparsely yellow glandular punctate and pubescent, 5-toothed; upper 2 teeth mostly joined. Corolla purple or light purple, 9-12 mm; stan­dard ovate or oblong, 1-1.1 cm, base clawed, apex retuse; wings 8-9 mm; keel straight, 7-8 mm. Ovary glabrous. Leg­ume oblong, flat, 17-35 × 4.5-7 mm, rarely constricted be­tween seeds, glabrous or sparsely hairy, rarely glandular hairy. Seeds 2-8, dark green, ca. 2 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 16*.

Margins of farms, roadsides, saline areas; 500-1300 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Rus­sia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, E and S Europe, Indian Ocean islands (Maldives); introduced in Australia, C Eu­rope, and North America].