《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||旋覆花亚族 Subtrib. Inulinae O. Hoffm. ||天名精属 Carpesium L.

60. 天名精属*——Carpesium L.
L. Sp. Pl. 859, 1753.
多年生草本。茎直立，多有分枝；叶互生，全缘或具不规整的牙齿。头状花序顶生或腋生，有梗或无梗，通常下垂；总苞盘状、钟状或半球形，苞片3-4层，干膜质或外层的草质，呈叶状；花托扁平，秃裸而有细点。花黄色，异型，外围的雌性，一至多列，结实，花冠筒状，顶端3-5齿裂，盘花两性，花冠筒状或上部扩大呈漏斗状，通常较大，5齿裂；花药基部箭形，尾细长；柱头2深裂，裂片线形，扁平，先端钝。瘦果细长，有纵条纹，先端收缩成喙状，顶端具软骨质环状物，无冠毛。
属的模式种：烟管头草 Carpesium cernuum L.
本属共约21种，大部分分布于亚洲中部，特别是我国西南山区，少数种类广布欧、亚大陆。我国有17种，3变种，少数供药用。

《云南植物志》|| 菊科 Compositae ||旋覆花族 Trib. Inuleae Cass. ||天名精属 Carpesium L.

39. 天名精属　Carpesium L.
多年生草本。茎直立，通常具分枝。叶互生，全缘或具齿，羽状脉，具柄或近无柄。头状花序单个顶生或腋生，有花序梗或无，通常下垂，盘状，有异型小花，全部小花黄色，外围有1至多层雌花，结实，中央有多数两性花，结实；总苞盘状、钟形或半球形；总苞片3-4层，外层呈叶状，内层草质；花序托扁平，无托片和托毛。雌花花冠筒状，先端3-5齿裂，花柱2深裂，扁平且短；两性花常较大，花冠筒状或上部呈漏斗状，先端5齿裂，花药基部箭形，有细长的尾，花柱2深裂，裂片线形，扁平，先端钝。瘦果狭圆柱形，具细纵棱，先端有喙，喙被腺点，顶端具软骨质的环状体；无冠毛。
约21种，主要分布于亚洲中部，尤其我国西南山区，少数种分布于欧洲和亚洲大陆。我国有17种，广布于各省区。云南产11种。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || ||天名精属 Carpesium

188. Carpesium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 859. 1753.

天名精属 tian ming jing shu

Perennials or rarely annuals. Stem not winged, without resin canals. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed, sessile or petiolate; petioles often winged. Capitula disciform, heterogamous, terminal or axillary, sessile or shortly pedunculate, usually nodding, solitary or few together, or many in spiciform racemes. Involucres subglobose or depressed-globose; phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate, outer ones herbaceous or with leaflike tips, inner ones dry, broad, obtuse. Receptacle flat, glabrous. Marginal florets female, tubular to miniradiate, in 2 to several series, fertile, slender; corollas 3-5-toothed. Disk florets bisexual, fertile, slender, many; corolla limb slightly dilated, 4- or 5-toothed, yellowish. Anthers ecalcarate, with branched tails. Endothecial tissue radial. Pollen spines with a cavity. Style branches with acute sweeping hairs not reaching furcation. Achenes ellipsoid, glabrous, longer than corolla, ribbed, with a short glandular beak, crowned by a cartilaginous ring, with elongated crystals. Pappus absent. x = 10, 18.

About 20 species: Asia, Europe; 16 species (six endemic) in China.