《中国植物志》|| 大戟科 EUPHORBIACEAE ||麻疯树属 Jatropha L. ||麻疯树 Jatropha curcas L.

1.麻疯树（广州植物志）黄肿树，假白榄
Jatropha curcas L. Sp.Pl. 1006. 1753; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 309. 1861; Muell.Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 1080. 1866; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. 42 (IV. 147. I) 77. 1910; Gagnep. in Lee.. Gen.. Indo-Chine 5: 324, 1. 33. 3-6. 1925; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学609, 图506. 1937; 广州植物志273. 1956; 海南植物志2: 172,图387-1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 610,图2950-1972; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 283. 1972.
灌木或小乔木，高2-5米，具水状液汁，树皮平滑；枝条苍灰色，无毛，疏生突起皮孔，髓部大。叶纸质，近圆形至卵圆形，长7-18厘米，宽6-16厘米，顶端短尖，基部心形，全缘或3-5浅裂，上面亮绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，初沿脉被微柔毛，后变无毛；掌状脉5-7；叶柄长6-18厘米；托叶小。花序腋生，长6-10厘米，苞片披针形，长4-8毫米；雄花：萼片5枚，长约4毫米，基部合生；花瓣长圆形，黄绿色，长约6毫米，合生至中部，内面被毛；腺体5枚，近圆柱状；雄蕊10枚，外轮5枚离生，内轮花丝下部合生；雌花：花梗花后伸长；萼片离生，花后长约6毫米；花瓣和腺体与雄花同；子房3室，无毛，花柱顶端2裂。蒴果椭圆状或球形，长2.5 -3厘米，黄色；种子椭圆状，长1.5-2厘米，黑色。花期9-10月。
原产美洲热带；现广布于全球热带地区。我国福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、四川、云南等省区有栽培或少量逸为野生。
种子含油量高，油供工业或医药用。

《云南植物志》|| 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae ||麻风树属 Jatropha L. ||麻风树 Jatropha curcas Linn.

1．麻风树（广州植物志）
小桐子（宾川），膏桐（河口）；洋桐（马关）
Jatropha curcas Linn. (1753); 图鉴 (1972)*; 中国植物志 (1996)*; Govaerts; Frodin et Radcliffe-Smith (2000).
灌木或小乔木，高2-5米，具水状汁液。树皮平滑；枝条灰色，无毛，具稀疏皮孔，髓部大。叶片纸质，近圆形至卵圆形，长7-18厘米，宽6-16厘米，先端短尖，基部心形，全缘或3-5浅裂，上面绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，初沿叶脉被微柔毛，后变无毛；掌状脉5-7条，叶柄长6-18厘米；托叶小。花序腋生，长6-10厘米，苞片披针形，长4-8毫米；雄花：萼片5枚，长约4毫米，基部合生；花瓣长圆形，黄绿色或白色，长约6毫米，合生至中部，内面被毛；腺体5枚，近圆柱状；雄蕊10枚，外轮5枚离生，内轮花丝下部合生；雌花：花梗花后伸长；萼片离生，花后长约6毫米；花瓣和腺体与雄花相同；子房3室，无毛，花柱顶端2裂。蒴果椭圆形或球形，长2.5厘米，黄色；种子椭圆形，长1.5-2厘米，黑色。花期9-10月。
原产热带美洲，现广布于全球热带地区。富宁、马关、麻栗坡、文山、金平、河口、元阳、勐腊、普洱、澜沧、武定、元谋、凤庆、鹤庆、宾川、建水、元江、易门、昆明等地广泛栽培或逸生；生于海拔190-2200米的干燥山坡、路边、村落旁。四川、贵州、广东、广西、海南、福建、台湾等省区有栽培或逸生。
种子含油量高，供工业或医药用油。

《Flora of North America》|| Euphorbiaceae || || Jatropha curcas

6. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1006. 1753.
[I]

Physic or purging nut, piñón Physic or purging nut, piñón

Trees, to 10[–15] m, monoecious. Stems erect, gray-green, much-branched, woody-succulent, glabrous; short shoots absent; latex watery, colorless in younger branches, cloudy-whitish in older shoots. Leaves persistent, ± evenly distributed on long shoots; stipules caducous, narrowly lanceolate, 5 mm, undivided; petiole 9–19 cm, not stipitate-glandular; blade round in outline, 9–15 × 9–15 cm, usually shallowly 3–5-lobed, rarely unlobed, base cordate, margins entire or glandular (young leaves), apex acuminate, membranous, surfaces glabrous; venation palmate. Inflorescences bisexual, terminal and subterminal, cymes; peduncle 5–10 cm; bracts 3–10 mm, margins entire, glabrous. Pedicels 1–3 mm. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct, ovate-elliptic, 4–6 × 2–3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces glabrous; corolla greenish yellow, campanulate, petals distinct or connate 1/4 length, 6–8 × 2–3.5 mm, glabrous abaxially, tomentose adaxially; stamens 10, ± in 2 whorls (5 + 5); filaments of both whorl connate to top or nearly so, outer whorl 3–4.5 mm, inner whorl 3–5 mm. Pistillate flowers resembling staminate, but sepals connate to 1/2 length, 5–7.5 × 2–5 mm; petals 4–5 × 2–2.5(–3) mm; staminodes infrequent; carpels 3; styles connate most of length, 0.5–1.5 mm. Capsules ellipsoidal, 2.6–3 × 2.2–2.8 cm, drupaceous. Seeds black or black mottled with white spots, ellipsoidal, 18–20 × 11–13 mm; caruncle rudimentary. 2n = 22 (Puerto Rico).

Flowering and fruiting spring (late summer–early fall). Disturbed sites; 0–50 m; introduced; Fla.; Mexico; Central America; introduced also in West Indies, South America, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia.

Jatropha curcas now has a circumtropical distribution but probably originated in Central America; it is naturalized in southern Florida. The latex of J. curcas is used for soap making and for medicinal purposes; the seeds are used for biofuel production.

《Flora of China》|| Euphorbiaceae || Jatropha ||麻风树 Jatropha curcas

1. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1006. 1753.

麻风树 ma feng shu

Manihot curcas (Linnaeus) Crantz.

Shrubs or treelets, 2-5 m tall, with watery latex; bark smooth; branches glaucous-gray, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate, pith larger. Stipules small; petioles 6-18 cm; leaf blade rotund to ovate, 7-18 × 6-16 cm, papery, nitid green and glabrous adaxially, gray-green and along nerves puberulent to glabrous abaxially, base cordate, apex acute; palmate veins 5-7. Inflorescences axillary, 6-10 cm; bracts lanceolate, 4-8 mm. Male flowers: sepals 5, ca. 4 mm, connate at base; petals oblong, green-yellow, ca. 6 mm, connate to middle, hairy inside; disk glands 5, nearly terete; stamens 10; outer 5 filaments free, inner filaments connate in lower part. Female flowers: pedicels elongate; sepals free, ca. 6 mm; petals and disk glands as in male; ovary 3-locular, glabrous; styles bifid at apex. Capsules ellipsoidal or globose, 2.5-3 cm, yellow. Seeds ellipsoidal, 1.5-2 cm, black. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.

Cultivated for medicine. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to tropical America; widely introduced].

Jatropha curcas seeds are the source of curcas oil, a very powerful purgative, also used for making candles and soap, for lighting, and as a lubricant. There is interest in the oil as a biofuel crop for areas too dry for normal crops. The bark is used as medicine for lepriasis (leprosy), itchy skin, eczema, chronic ulcers, etc.