KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Magnoliopsida || ORDER:Asterales || FAMILY:桔梗科 Campanulaceae || GENUS: 桔梗属 Platycodon
《中国植物志》|| 桔梗科 CAMPANULACEAE ||桔梗属 Platycodon A. DC. ||桔梗 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC.
1. 桔梗 铃当花
Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC., Monogr. Camp. 125, 1830; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 374, 图6162, 1975.——Pl. grandiflorus var. glaucus Sieb. et Zucc., Abh. Math. -Phys. Akad. Wiss. Muench. 4 (3): 179, 1846.——Pl. glaucus Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 38: 301, 1924. ——Pl. chinensis Lindl. et Paxton, Fl. Gard. 2: 121, t. 61, 1853.—— Pl. autumnalis Decaisne, Rev. Hort. sec. 3, 2: 561, 1846. ——Campanula grandiflora Jacq., Hort, Vindb. 3: 4, t. 2, 1776. ——C. glauca Thunb., Fl. Jap. 88, 1784.
茎高20-120厘米,通常无毛,偶密被短毛,不分枝,极少上部分枝。叶全部轮生,部分轮生至全部互生,无柄或有极短的柄,叶片卵形,卵状椭圆形至披针形,长2-7厘米,宽0.5-3.5厘米,基部宽楔形至圆钝,顶端急尖,上面无毛而绿色,下面常无毛而有白粉,有时脉上有短毛或瘤突状毛,边缘具细锯齿。花单朵顶生,或数朵集成假总状花序,或有花序分枝而集成圆锥花序;花萼筒部半圆球状或圆球状倒锥形,被白粉,裂片三角形,或狭三角形,有时齿状;花冠大,长1.5-4.0厘米,蓝色或紫色。蒴果球状,或球状倒圆锥形,或倒卵状,长1-2.5厘米,直径约1厘米。花期7-9月。
产东北、华北、华东、华中各省以及广东、广西(北部)、贵州、云南东南部(蒙自、砚山、文山)、四川(平武、凉山以东)、陕西。朝鲜、日本、苏联的远东和东西伯利亚地区的南部也有。生于海拔2000米以下的阳处草丛、灌丛中,少生于林下。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
根药用,含桔梗皂甙,有止咳、祛痰、消炎(治肋膜炎)等效。
Platycodon homallanthinus A. DC. 曾被记载也产于我国北方,但 Fl. URSS (1957) 把它归入 Astrocodon expansus (Rud.) Fed., 并指出仅产于苏联远东地区。我们未见到标本。
| Chinese name | Vernacular name | Plant | Ethnic group | Use | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . 桔梗 额给哥坝(贵州黔东南) | . 桔梗 额给哥坝(贵州黔东南) | . 桔梗 额给哥坝(贵州黔东南) Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq. ) A. DC. | Miao | Ethnomedicinal | 中华本草 |
| 桔梗 | 桔梗 | 桔梗 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq. ) A. DC. | Mongolian | Ethnomedicinal | 中华本草 |
| 桔梗 | 桔梗 | 桔梗 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq. ) A. DC. | Medicinal | 中华本草 |
| 槟榔散 | 麦门冬散 | 辟疫酒 | 辟瘟丹 | 白石脂汤 | 白散 |
| 紫石寒石散 | 木占斯散 | 薯蓣丸 | 㹠心汤 | 四时加减柴胡饮子 | 排脓汤 |
| 排脓散 | 木占斯散 | 保童丸 | 度瘴散 | 百合固金汤——滋养肺肾,辅助降糖 | 侯氏黑散 |
| 柴胡引子 | 保童丸 | 老君神明白散 | 露宿丸 | 侯氏黑散——清肝祛风,化痰通络 | 木占斯散 |
| 露宿丸 | 木占斯散 | 竹叶汤 | 木占斯散 | 豘心汤 | 瞿麦散 |
| Plant name | Local name | Family | Life form | Part used | Folk use | Voucher | Locality | Ethnic group | Region |
|---|
| Title | Authors | Journal | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Platycodon grandiflorus - An Ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review | Zhang, Le; Wang, Yingli; Yang, Dawei; Zhang, Chunhong; Zhang, Na; Li, Minhui; Liu, Yanze | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | APR 22 2015 |
| Safety evaluation of fermented Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. extract: Genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and 13-week subchronic toxicity study in rats | Jung, Jin A.; Noh, Jung-Ho; Jang, Min Seong; Gu, Eun-Young; Cho, Min-Kyung; Lim, Kwang-Hyun; Park, Heejin; Back, Seng-Min; Kim, Sung Phil; Han, Kang-Hyun | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JUL 15 2021 |
| Cytogenetic characterization of induced tetraploids in medicinal plant (Platycodon grandiflorus) | Wu, Yuxiang; Yang, Fuhong; Zhao, Xiaoming; Yang, Wu-De | CARYOLOGIA | 2012 |
| Ecological study on AM fungi around roots of medicinal plants in the middle area of Hebei Province | GAO Aixia; HE Xueli | Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas | 2007 |
| Fungal diversity in rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants in Heilongjiang Province | Mu Dongyan; Lu Guozhong; Sun Xiaodong; Wang Na; Zhao Zhihui | Acta Ecologica Sinica | 2013 |
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