《中国植物志》|| 藜科 CHENOPODIACEAE ||菠菜属 Spinacia L. ||菠菜 Spinacia oleracea L.

1．菠菜（通称）菠薐（嘉祐本草）、菠薐菜（植物名实图考）
Spinacia oleracea L. Sp. Pl. 1027. 1753; Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 (2): 118. 1849: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 6. 1886; 中国北部植物图志4: 77-78. t. 29. f. 1-6. 1935; 广州植物志143. 1956; 江苏南部种子植物手册243. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 580. f. 1160. 1972.
植物高可达1米，无粉。根圆锥状，带红色，较少为白色。茎直立，中空，脆弱多汁，不分枝或有少数分枝。叶戟形至卵形，鲜绿色，柔嫩多汁，稍有光泽，全缘或有少数牙齿状裂片。雄花集成球形团伞花序，再于枝和茎的上部排列成有间断的穗状圆锥花序；花被片通常4，花丝丝形，扁平，花药不具附属物；雌花团集于叶腋；小苞片两侧稍扁，顶端残留2小齿，背面通常各具1棘状附属物；子房球形，柱头4或5，外伸。胞果卵形或近圆形，直径约2.5毫米，两侧扁；果皮褐色。
原产伊朗，我国普遍栽培，为极常见的蔬菜之一。富含维生素及磷、铁。

《Flora of China》|| Chenopodiaceae || Spinacia ||菠菜 Spinacia oleracea

1. Spinacia oleracea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1027. 1753.

菠菜 bo cai

Plants to 1 m tall. Root reddish, rarely white, conic. Stem simple or few branched, hollow. Leaf blade light green, hastate to ovate, slightly succulent, margin entire or with a few lobelike teeth. Male flowers: perianth segments usually 4; filaments filiform, flattened; anthers without an appendage. Fruiting bracts slightly compressed, with a thornlike appendage on each side, apex with 2 teeth; stigmas exserted. Utricle ovoid or subglobose, compressed, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; pericarp brown.

Commonly cultivated as a vegetable. in China [unknown in the wild; widely cultivated in temperate and subtropical regions of the world].

《云南植物志》|| 藜科 Chenopodiaceae nom. conserv. ||菠菜属 Spinacia L. ||菠菜 Spinacia oleracea L.

1. 菠菜（通称）
菠? （嘉祐本草），菠? 菜（植物名实图考）
Spinacia oleracea L. (1753); Moq. (1849); Hook. f. (1886); 中国北部植物图考 (1935); 广州植物志 (1956); 江苏南部种子植物手册 (1959); 图鉴 (1972); 云南种子植物名录 (1984).
一年生草本，高30—40（—100）厘米，无粉，根细圆锥状，淡红色，细嫩可食。茎直立、中空，嫩弱多汁，一般不分枝或有少数分枝。叶互生，戟形至卵形、匙形，稍厚，嫩柔多汁，全缘或有少数羽裂片。雄花集成球形团伞花序，常于枝和茎的上部排列成有间断的穗状圆锥花序；花被片通常4；花丝稍扁平、丝状；花药不具附属物；雌花团集于叶腋；小苞片两侧压扁，顶端2小齿，背面通常各具1枚附属物；子房球形，柱头4或5，外伸。胞果卵形或近圆形，直径约2.5毫米，两侧压扁、褐色。
全省各地普遍栽培作蔬菜。我国南北各地均有栽培。唐代经尼泊尔（尼波罗）传入中国。运自波陵国，故称菠 菜，后省称菠菜。公元1000年后传入欧洲。富含维生素A、B、C、E、K，但所含草酸和植物碱亦多，而铁质又不能被人体同化吸收，以致营养价值不如宣传之盛。

《Flora of North America》|| Chenopodiaceae || Spinacia || Spinacia oleracea

1. Spinacia oleracea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1027. 1753.

Stems leafy, 1-5(-10) dm. Leaves gradually becoming smaller distally; blade oblong, base cuneate. Bracteoles orbicular-obovate, usually wider than long, apex with divergent spine or smooth. 2n = 12.

Flowering spring-fall. Waste areas; 0-1500 m; introduced; Calif., Conn., Maine, Mass., N.H., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Va., Wash.; Eurasia; n Africa.

Reports of populations in Canada and inland areas of the United States appear to be from gardens where the plants do not persist without benefit of cultivation.

Spinach is an important and widely cultivated crop of unknown origin, though known from the Mediterranean region since ancient times. The plant is prized as a rich source of vitamins, calcium, iron, and antioxidant carotenoids, but, if ingested in excessive amounts, the high concentration of oxalates in the leaves can be toxic by inhibiting the absorption of calcium. The cultivated form named var. oleracea has spiny seeds and tends to be more cold hardy than var. inermis, the smooth-seeded variety that is more tolerant of warm weather.