《中国植物志》|| 番木瓜科 CARICACEAE ||番木瓜属 Carica Linn. ||番木瓜 Carica papaya L.

1.番木瓜（台湾植物名录）木瓜（通称），万寿果（松村植物名录），番瓜（植物名实图考），满山抛（云南德宏），树冬瓜（云南玉溪）
Carica papaya Linn. Sp. Pl. 1036. 1753; Mast. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 599. 1879. in obs.; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 133. 1927; 广州植物志192,图91. 1956;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 (二版) 864,图760. 1953;海南植物志1:491, 图268. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 933, 图3596. 1972. ——Papaya carica Gaertn. in Fruct. 2: 191, t. 122. 1791.
常绿软木质小乔木，高达8-10米，具乳汁；茎不分枝或有时于损伤处分枝，具螺旋状排列的托叶痕。叶大，聚生于茎顶端，近盾形，直径可达60厘米，通常5-9深裂，每裂片再为羽状分裂；叶柄中空，长达60-100厘米。花单性或两性，有些品种在雄株上偶尔产生两性花或雌花，并结成果实，亦有时在雌株上出现少数雄花。植株有雄株，雌株和两性株。雄花：排列成圆锥花序，长达1米，下垂；花无梗；萼片基部连合；花冠乳黄色，冠管细管状，长1.6-2.5厘米，花冠裂片5，披针形，长约1.8厘米，宽4.5毫米；雄蕊10，5长5短，短的几无花丝，长的花丝白色，被白色绒毛；子房退化。雌花：单生或由数朵排列成伞房花序，着生叶腋内，具短梗或近无梗，萼片5，长约1厘米，中部以下合生；花冠裂片5，分离，乳黄色或黄白色，长圆形或披针形，长5-6.2厘米，宽1.2-2厘米；子房上位，卵球形，无柄，花柱5，柱头数裂，近流苏状。两性花：雄蕊5枚，着生于近子房基部极短的花冠管上，或为10枚着生于较长的花冠管上，排列成2轮，冠管长1.9-2.5厘米，花冠裂片长圆形，长约2.8厘米，宽9毫米，子房比雌株子房较小。浆果肉质，成熟时橙黄色或黄色，长圆球形，倒卵状长圆球形，梨形或近圆球形，长10-30厘米或更长，果肉柔软多汁，味香甜；种子多数，卵球形，成熟时黑色，外种皮肉质，内种皮木质，具皱纹。花果期全年。
原产热带美洲。我国福建南部、台湾、广东、广西、云南南部等省区已广泛栽培。广植于世界热带和较温暖的亚热带地区。
番木瓜果实成熟可作水果，未成熟的果实可作蔬菜煮熟食或腌食，可加工成蜜饯，果汁、果酱、果脯及罐头等。种子可榨油。果和叶均可药用。

《云南植物志》|| 番木瓜科 Caricaceae nom. conserv. ||番木瓜属 Carica L. ||番木瓜 Carica papaya Linn.

1．番木瓜（台湾植物名录）图版33
木瓜（通称），万寿果（松村植物名录、经济植物手册），番瓜（植物名实图考），满地抛（德宏），树冬瓜（玉溪），马菖蒲（傣族语译音）
Carica papaya Linn. (1753); Masters in Hook. f. (1879), in obs. ; Merr. (1927); 广州植物志 (1956)*; 陈嵘 (1956)*; 海南植物志 (1964)*; 图鉴 (1972)*. Papaya carica Gaertn. (1791)*.
杂草性小乔木或灌木，高8—10米，具乳汁，木材软木质。茎不分枝或有时于损伤处分枝，具螺旋状排列的托叶痕。叶大，聚生于茎顶端，近盾形，直径可达60厘米，通常5—9深裂，每裂片再为羽状分裂；叶柄中空，长达60—100厘米。花单性或两性，有些品种在雄株上偶尔产生两性花或雌花，并结成果实，亦有时在雌株上出现少数雄花。有雌、雄株和两性植株；雄花排列成长达1米的圆锥花序，下垂，花无梗，萼片基部连合；花冠乳黄色，花冠管细管状，长约1.6—2.5厘米，裂片披针形，长约1.8厘米，宽4.5—5毫米；雄蕊5长5短，短的几无花丝，长的花丝被白色绒毛，子房退化；雌花单生或由数朵排列成伞房花序，着生叶腋内；花具短梗或近无梗，萼片长约1厘米，中部以下合生；花冠近分离，乳黄色或黄白色，裂片长圆形或披针形，长5—6.2厘米，宽1.2—2厘米；子房上位，卵球形，无柄，花柱5，柱头数裂，近流苏状；两性花雄蕊5枚，着生于近子房基部极短的花冠管上，或为10枚着生于较长的花冠管上，排列成2轮；花冠管长1.9—2.5厘米，裂片长圆形，长约2.8厘米，宽9毫米，子房比雌株子房略小。浆果大，肉质，成熟时橙黄色或黄色，长圆形，倒卵状长圆形、梨形或近球形，长10—30厘米或更长，果肉柔软多汁，味香甜；种子多数，卵球形，成熟时黑色，外种皮肉质，内种皮木质，具皱纹。花果期全年。
栽培于滇西、滇南等热区，金沙江等干热河谷、坝区也栽有；广东、广西、福建南部、台湾等省区也广泛栽培。为世界热带和温暖的亚热带地区广泛栽培的果品。
番木瓜果实成熟可作水果，未成熟的果实可作蔬菜或腌食，亦可加工成蜜饯、果汁、果酱、果脯及罐头。果实营养价值高，每100克果肉中含蛋白质0.63—0.71克，脂肪0.26—0.70克，糖类12.3克，并含有多种维生素，尤以维生素甲和丙含量最多。据中国科学院云南热带植物研究所分析，种子含油量高达29.53％，可榨油；叶或未成熟的果实和肉同煮，可使肉类易于软化。番木瓜在医药上的应用，未成熟的果实和各部流出的乳汁，可提取木瓜酵素，有帮助消化蛋白质的作用；果、叶、梗均可药用，有利湿消肿，醒酒作用，果实还可催乳，治产妇乳少。
番木瓜的栽培品种很多，主要品种有苏劳番木瓜、碧地番木瓜、泰国番木瓜、南洋番木瓜及湖光51号番木瓜等等，由于品种不同其果肉味和果实形状也有变异。

《Flora of North America》|| Caricaceae || Carica || Carica papaya

1. Carica papaya Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1036. 1753.

Papaya, papaw, pawpaw, lechosa

Plants ca. 6 m. Stems to ca. 20 cm diam., bark green to gray or brown, leaf scars prominent, smooth. Leaves drooping proximally, erect or spreading distally; petiole 35-70 cm, hollow; blade round in general contour, 20-60 cm diam., shallowly to deeply palmately 5-9-lobed, lobes lanceolate to ovate, margins entire or pinnately divided into lanceolate to ovate lobes. Inflorescences 15-60 cm; bracts ± rhombic. Staminate flowers sessile; calyx green, short-tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, teeth triangular to linear; corolla white, 2-3.5 cm, lobes narrowly oblong, ca. 1.3 cm; stamens yellow. Pistillate flowers subsessile; calyx yellow, short-tubular, 5-10 mm, teeth triangular to linear; petals lanceolate-oblong, white to pale yellow, 3-5 cm; ovary ellipsoidal to rounded, 2-3 cm . Berries hanging from trunk near summit, green to orange, ellipsoidal to oblong, rounded distally, 8-45 cm. Seeds blackish. 2n = 18.

Flowering and fruiting year round. Disturbed areas, waste places, hummocks, roadsides; 0-100 m; introduced, Fla.; Central America; nw South America; introduced also pantropically.

Carica papaya is widely cultivated in tropical regions worldwide for its large melonlike fruit, one of the most popular tropical fruits, and occasionally as an ornamental. Papaya fruit is a good source of calcium, and vitamins A and C. Except for the ripe fruit, all parts of the plant possess a milky sap that contains the proteolytic enzymes papain and chymopapain, widely used to tenderize meat. Immature fruit, leaves, and flowers are also used as a cooked vegetable. Papaya also has industrial and pharmaceutical applications, including use in chewing gums, brewing, drugs for digestive ailments, treatment of gangrenous wounds, use in the textile industry, and use in production of soaps and shampoos.

The species is cultivated in extreme southern Texas, where occasional seedlings arise from seeds discarded in waste places or dumps but are never persistent.

《Flora of China》|| Caricaceae || Carica ||番木瓜 Carica papaya

1. Carica papaya Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1036. 1753.

番木瓜 fan mu gua

Papaya carica Gaertner.

Trees or shrubs 8-10 m tall. Stem simple, with stipulate scars helically arranged. Petiole hollow, 60-100 cm; leaf blade ca. 60 cm, usually 5-9 palmatifid; lobes pinnatifid. Male inflorescence pendulous, to 1 m. Male flowers: pedicel absent; corolla tube creamy yellow, 1.6-2.5 cm, lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.8 × 0.45 cm; stamens 5 longer and 5 shorter, shorter ones almost without filaments; filaments white, white tomentose. Female flowers usually solitary or aggregated in corymbose cymes; pedicel short or nearly absent; calyx lobes ca. 1 cm; corolla lobes creamy yellow, oblong or lanceolate, 5-6.2 × 1.2-2 cm; ovary ovoid; stigmas partite, nearly fimbriate. Bisexual flowers: corolla tube 1.9-2.5 cm, lobes oblong, ca. 2.8 × 0.9 cm; stamens 5 or 10 in 1 or 2 whorls; ovary smaller than in female flowers. Fruit orange-yellow or yellow at maturity, cylindric, ovoid-cylindric, or subglobose, 10-30 cm; sarcocarp soft with a mild, pleasant flavor. Seeds numerous, black at maturity, ovoid. 2n = 18.

Cultivated. S China [of cultivated origin in Central America; widely introduced and cultivated in tropical areas of the world].

The large, succulent, delicious fruits (papaya) are eaten.